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Riley D. Kirk, Ph.D.

BIOACTIVE

A Nature and Science podcast

#57 in Nature · 🇲🇽 #58 in Nature · 🇦🇺
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About the show

Dr. Riley Kirk is a cannabis research scientist and educator. She obtained her Ph.D. in pharmaceutical sciences, specializing in natural product chemistry, studying the traditional and contemporary uses of hundreds of medicinal plants. She is currently an assistant associate professor at the University of Rhode Island, has worked as an immunology scientist in the biotech industry, and works in the cannabis industry studying the chemical complexity of cannabis smoke. Riley is also the co-founder of the cannabis research and education non-profit organization called the Network of Applied Pharmacognosy (NAP). Through NAP and on her podcast, Riley uses science as advocacy to research and communicate findings that highlight the unique power of natural products. The goal of Riley’s work is to unite people in the Cannabis industry, academia, and consumers to further the reach of Cannabis education and reduce harm. Riley is passionate about making Cannabis science accessible through social media channels and alternative media which lead to Bioactive; an educational podcast which disseminates the chemistry and pharmacology of natural products. On this bi-weekly podcast, she covers current news and research surrounding cannabis, psychedelics, toxins, pharmaceuticals & other bioactive substances. Listen for special guests highlighting community stories.

Newest episodes

Organic Cannabis Cultivation: Living Soil, Microbes & Terpenes with Luna Whitcomb

52 min

What is living soil cannabis cultivation, and how do soil microbes, mineral balancing, and growing environments influence cannabis plants? On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Luna Whitcomb, an organic cannabis cultivator, consultant, writer, and breeder, to explore the science of living soil, soil food web ecology, plant nutrition, and terpene expression. With more than 18 years of cultivation experience across indoor, outdoor, greenhouse, and large-scale hemp operations, Luna shares how organic cultivation practices can support soil health, nutrient cycling, and the unique expression of cannabis genetics. This conversation explores the differences between hydroponic cultivation and living soil, the concept of terroir, and how soil composition, microbial diversity, mineral availability, and light exposure may influence plant structure and aroma. Luna explains soil mineral balancing, soil testing, reusing and re-amending soil, composting, worm castings, insect frass, and the role of companion planting in nutrient cycling. The discussion also examines the risks associated with improperly composted animal manures, the challenges of managing pests and pathogens, and the limitations of current cannabis lab testing when it comes to measuring the full range of aroma compounds. Dr. Riley Kirk and Luna also discuss cannabis cultivation across different regions, from the differences Luna observed between British Columbia and eastern Canada to her experience judging a Thai landrace cannabis competition. They explore the challenges of growing equatorial genetics outside their native environments, auto-deprivation greenhouses, large outdoor plants, and even the debate around using urine as a fertilizer. Whether you're interested in organic cannabis cultivation, living soil, soil microbiology, terpene science, or sustainable growing practices, this episode offers a deeper look at the ecology behind the plant. Chapters 00:00 Meet Luna Whitco...

The Science of Terpenes with Dr. Shawna Vreeke

1 hr 2 min

What are cannabis terpenes, how do they influence aroma and consumer experiences, and what do we know about their safety? On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Dr. Shawna Vreeke, PhD, DABT, Head of Toxicology at True Terpenes, to explore the science of cannabis terpenes, terpene chemistry, cannabinoid interactions, and consumer safety. With a PhD in Chemistry focused on toxin formation in vape device aerosols and expertise in toxicology risk assessment, Shawna shares insights into what current research tells us about terpenes and where important questions remain unanswered. They discuss the differences between cannabis-derived and botanically derived terpenes, how terpene profiles may influence cannabis effects, and why THC percentage alone doesn't tell the whole story. The conversation also examines terpene concentrations in vape cartridges, the effects of overheating and chemical degradation, vaping hardware standards, potentially harmful diluents, and the importance of science-based safety regulations. Shawna also explains how terpenes are studied in edibles, why consumer experiences matter, and how aroma, sensory testing, and quality control can help us better understand these complex compounds. From the relationship between terpenes and the entourage effect to stereoisomers, cannabis aroma chemistry, and the limits of current research, this episode offers a deeper look at what we know about terpenes and what scientists are still working to understand. Chapters 00:00 Meet Shauna Vrieki 02:27 Vape Crisis Lessons 03:55 Terpenes 101 Basics 05:06 Cannabis Aroma Diversity 08:16 Do Terpenes Affect You 13:02 Research Criticism Reality 14:31 Botanical vs Cannabis Terps 20:15 Terp Percent in Vape Carts 23:13 Hardware and Regulation Gaps 26:47 Overheating and Degradation 30:17 Edibles and Oral Metabolism 34:04 Safe Viscosity and Thinners 34:52 Safer Diluents Guide 35:36 PEG MCT PG Risks 36:53 Recalls And GMP Tracking 39...

Cannabis and Real World Data with Dr. Miyabe Shields

1 hr 4 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Miyabe Shields for a deep dive into cannabis real-world data, cannabis consumption patterns, dosing, neurodivergent cannabis use, and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS). As co-founders of the Network of Applied Pharmacognosy (NAP), Riley and Miyabe discuss the newly accessible Real Data Project, including what large-scale consumer data can reveal about how people actually use cannabis in their everyday lives. They explore why terms like “heavy cannabis consumption” are difficult to define, how consumption can vary by dose and frequency, and what the data shows across different populations and consumption methods. They also discuss the importance of making real-world cannabis data accessible to consumers, researchers, patients, and healthcare professionals rather than keeping it behind academic paywalls or within highly controlled research settings. The conversation also covers cannabis and neurodivergence, cannabis and mental health, the challenges of interpreting cannabis research, product chemistry and consumer experiences, terpene levels, cannabis aging, and how chemical data can eventually be connected with the way individual consumers actually feel after using a product. Finally, Riley and Miyabe discuss their ECS-focused e-book, created to make information about the Endocannabinoid System more accessible to both new and experienced cannabis consumers, including practical information about dosing, lifestyle, sleep, exercise, diet, and understanding your own ECS. Chapters 00:00 Giveaway! 00:53 Welcome to another NAP Time episode 01:27 What is the Real Data Project? 03:00 Why “heavy cannabis consumption” is difficult to define 04:25 Dose, frequency, and different types of cannabis consumers 06:05 What the consumption data is beginning to reveal 09:20 Real-world data on cannabis-infused beverages 11:39 Cannabis use and neurodivergent populations 14:27 What the data can and cannot tell us 17:45 Cannabis research, stigma, and...

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All episodes

Organic Cannabis Cultivation: Living Soil, Microbes & Terpenes with Luna Whitcomb

52 min

What is living soil cannabis cultivation, and how do soil microbes, mineral balancing, and growing environments influence cannabis plants? On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Luna Whitcomb, an organic cannabis cultivator, consultant, writer, and breeder, to explore the science of living soil, soil food web ecology, plant nutrition, and terpene expression. With more than 18 years of cultivation experience across indoor, outdoor, greenhouse, and large-scale hemp operations, Luna shares how organic cultivation practices can support soil health, nutrient cycling, and the unique expression of cannabis genetics. This conversation explores the differences between hydroponic cultivation and living soil, the concept of terroir, and how soil composition, microbial diversity, mineral availability, and light exposure may influence plant structure and aroma. Luna explains soil mineral balancing, soil testing, reusing and re-amending soil, composting, worm castings, insect frass, and the role of companion planting in nutrient cycling. The discussion also examines the risks associated with improperly composted animal manures, the challenges of managing pests and pathogens, and the limitations of current cannabis lab testing when it comes to measuring the full range of aroma compounds. Dr. Riley Kirk and Luna also discuss cannabis cultivation across different regions, from the differences Luna observed between British Columbia and eastern Canada to her experience judging a Thai landrace cannabis competition. They explore the challenges of growing equatorial genetics outside their native environments, auto-deprivation greenhouses, large outdoor plants, and even the debate around using urine as a fertilizer. Whether you're interested in organic cannabis cultivation, living soil, soil microbiology, terpene science, or sustainable growing practices, this episode offers a deeper look at the ecology behind the plant. Chapters 00:00 Meet Luna Whitco...

The Science of Terpenes with Dr. Shawna Vreeke

1 hr 2 min

What are cannabis terpenes, how do they influence aroma and consumer experiences, and what do we know about their safety? On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Dr. Shawna Vreeke, PhD, DABT, Head of Toxicology at True Terpenes, to explore the science of cannabis terpenes, terpene chemistry, cannabinoid interactions, and consumer safety. With a PhD in Chemistry focused on toxin formation in vape device aerosols and expertise in toxicology risk assessment, Shawna shares insights into what current research tells us about terpenes and where important questions remain unanswered. They discuss the differences between cannabis-derived and botanically derived terpenes, how terpene profiles may influence cannabis effects, and why THC percentage alone doesn't tell the whole story. The conversation also examines terpene concentrations in vape cartridges, the effects of overheating and chemical degradation, vaping hardware standards, potentially harmful diluents, and the importance of science-based safety regulations. Shawna also explains how terpenes are studied in edibles, why consumer experiences matter, and how aroma, sensory testing, and quality control can help us better understand these complex compounds. From the relationship between terpenes and the entourage effect to stereoisomers, cannabis aroma chemistry, and the limits of current research, this episode offers a deeper look at what we know about terpenes and what scientists are still working to understand. Chapters 00:00 Meet Shauna Vrieki 02:27 Vape Crisis Lessons 03:55 Terpenes 101 Basics 05:06 Cannabis Aroma Diversity 08:16 Do Terpenes Affect You 13:02 Research Criticism Reality 14:31 Botanical vs Cannabis Terps 20:15 Terp Percent in Vape Carts 23:13 Hardware and Regulation Gaps 26:47 Overheating and Degradation 30:17 Edibles and Oral Metabolism 34:04 Safe Viscosity and Thinners 34:52 Safer Diluents Guide 35:36 PEG MCT PG Risks 36:53 Recalls And GMP Tracking 39...

Cannabis and Real World Data with Dr. Miyabe Shields

1 hr 4 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Miyabe Shields for a deep dive into cannabis real-world data, cannabis consumption patterns, dosing, neurodivergent cannabis use, and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS). As co-founders of the Network of Applied Pharmacognosy (NAP), Riley and Miyabe discuss the newly accessible Real Data Project, including what large-scale consumer data can reveal about how people actually use cannabis in their everyday lives. They explore why terms like “heavy cannabis consumption” are difficult to define, how consumption can vary by dose and frequency, and what the data shows across different populations and consumption methods. They also discuss the importance of making real-world cannabis data accessible to consumers, researchers, patients, and healthcare professionals rather than keeping it behind academic paywalls or within highly controlled research settings. The conversation also covers cannabis and neurodivergence, cannabis and mental health, the challenges of interpreting cannabis research, product chemistry and consumer experiences, terpene levels, cannabis aging, and how chemical data can eventually be connected with the way individual consumers actually feel after using a product. Finally, Riley and Miyabe discuss their ECS-focused e-book, created to make information about the Endocannabinoid System more accessible to both new and experienced cannabis consumers, including practical information about dosing, lifestyle, sleep, exercise, diet, and understanding your own ECS. Chapters 00:00 Giveaway! 00:53 Welcome to another NAP Time episode 01:27 What is the Real Data Project? 03:00 Why “heavy cannabis consumption” is difficult to define 04:25 Dose, frequency, and different types of cannabis consumers 06:05 What the consumption data is beginning to reveal 09:20 Real-world data on cannabis-infused beverages 11:39 Cannabis use and neurodivergent populations 14:27 What the data can and cannot tell us 17:45 Cannabis research, stigma, and...

Unlocking Plant Potential: The Science of Carbon and Natural Fertilizers with Nik Nikolayev

1 hr 12 min

What if carbon is one of the most overlooked inputs in plant nutrition? In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Nik Nikolayev, CEO of Rooted Leaf Agritech, to explore the science of carbon-based fertilizers, plant nutrition, biostimulants, organic acids, and the chemistry behind plant growth, yield, and quality. Nik breaks down how plants use carbon beyond simply taking up CO₂ from the atmosphere, and why forms of carbon such as acetate and citrate may provide important substrates that can enter plant metabolism. The conversation explores how carbon interacts with NPK nutrition, photosynthesis, energy allocation, nutrient uptake, and secondary metabolism, including the pathways involved in producing cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and sulfur-containing compounds. They also dive into natural fertilizers and plant-based biostimulants, including kelp, hibiscus, moringa, anthocyanins, humic and fulvic acids, and other botanical inputs. Nik explains the idea behind using medicinal plants and their chemistry in agriculture, how organic acids can interact with minerals, and why the form of a nutrient may matter as much as the nutrient itself. The conversation also explores the carbon economy of cannabis, trichome metabolism, terpene diversity, rare cannabinoids, sulfur chemistry, nutrient stress, and the challenges of testing compounds that occur at extremely low concentrations. Throughout the episode, Nik emphasizes the importance of connecting theoretical chemistry with practical growing results while acknowledging where the science is still developing. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Meet Nick Nikolaev 01:23 Fermentation Sparks Curiosity 02:19 Microbes Soil and Health 03:27 Medicinal Plants as Inputs 04:58 Biostimulants vs NPK 07:36 Feeding Plants Carbon 10:00 Citric Acid and Chelation 14:44 Extending the Rhizosphere 16:14 Energy Budget and Nitrate 19:01 Results More Terps Cannabinoids 21:19 CO2 The Carbon Lever 25:16 Terpenes vs Cann...

Cannabis and Driving with Dr. Denise Valenti

1 hr 4 min

Dr. Riley Kirk has Dr. Denise Valenti on the podcast to discuss cannabis and driving, cannabis impairment, THC testing, and the challenges of determining whether someone is actually too impaired to drive. They explore why THC levels in the body do not necessarily correspond to impairment and how cannabis can affect vision, peripheral vision, contrast sensitivity, eye movement, balance, and pupil response. They also discuss the limitations of current roadside cannabis testing compared with alcohol testing, including the challenges of using blood THC levels, cognitive tests, and field sobriety tests to determine cannabis impairment. Dr. Valenti explains her work developing technology that could combine multiple sensory measurements to identify impairment more accurately. The conversation also explores how dose, tolerance, consumption method, individual differences, medical conditions, and baseline function can influence impairment and why there is no universal rule for how long someone should wait before driving after consuming cannabis. They discuss Drug Recognition Experts, the need for stronger scientific validation and national standards, and the importance of developing impairment-testing technology that is accurate and free from racial bias. Finally, they discuss cannabis and driving research, harm reduction, the challenges of funding cannabis impairment studies, and why controlled, dose-specific research is needed to better understand the relationship between cannabis, impairment, and road safety. Chapters 00:00 Cannabis Driving Question 01:08 Denise Valenti Background 03:57 Vision Loss and Driving Research 05:49 Dopamine Retina Link 07:34 Building Impairment Tests 09:38 Why THC Levels Fail 14:39 Courtroom Ready Tech 17:45 Four Part Roadside Goggle 19:56 Crash Data and Medical Use 23:33 How Long Impairment Lasts 28:41 Microdosing and Self Awareness 34:39 DREs and Legal Standards 37:05 Bias In New Tech 39:19 Glassy Eyes Mystery 39:48 Smell Changes And Munch...

The Gut-Brain Axis with Dr. Rick Pescatore

52 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Dr. Rick Pescatore, board-certified emergency physician, Editor-in-Chief of Emergency Medicine News, and founder of BellyMD, for a fascinating deep dive into the gut-brain connection and what it means for cannabis users and patients dealing with unexplained digestive symptoms. Dr. Pescatore explains how the gut and brain communicate through the vagus nerve, why the gut has been called the “second brain,” and how genetics, diet, gut bacteria, inflammation, and cannabis can all influence this complex system. The conversation also explores cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and why understanding CHS requires looking beyond cannabis alone and considering the broader gut-brain system. We also get into GLP-1 medications and gut-brain medicine, nausea and vomiting, microbiome health, micronutrient deficiencies, vitamin B1 (thiamine), magnesium, and whether personalized health data could help us better understand why someone feels unwell. Dr. Pescatore shares how emerging tools, including phenomic data, wearable technology, AI, and the Menome platform, could help patients identify patterns that traditional medicine may overlook. We also discuss cannabis and the gut microbiome, CHS, thiamine deficiency, antibiotics and gut health, personalized medicine, patient autonomy, and the future of gut-brain healthcare. In this episode, we explore: - What is the gut-brain axis and how does the gut communicate with the brain? - Why does the gut have such a major role in neurotransmitters and brain health? - What does the gut microbiome have to do with anxiety, depression, and other conditions? - What is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), and how does it fit into gut-brain health? - Could underlying gut-brain dysfunction contribute to cannabis-related symptoms? - How do GLP-1 medications affect the gut-brain axis? - What role do vitamin B1, magnesium, and micronutrients play in gut-brain health?...

What went down at the Cannabis Rescheduling Hearing with Max Jackson

1 hr 4 min

What actually happened inside the DEA’s cannabis rescheduling hearing? In this timely episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Max Jackson, former commercial cannabis cultivator and founder of Cannabis Wise Guys, to unpack what he witnessed firsthand at the DEA hearing on moving cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III. Max spent most of the hearing inside the room, taking handwritten notes because recording and livestreaming were not permitted. As someone who previously managed a commercial cultivation facility with approximately 13,000 flowering cannabis plants, he offers a unique perspective on the arguments being made about cannabis, medical use, public health, research, and the plant itself. Together, Riley and Max break down who opposed rescheduling, what the government and opposing parties argued, and some of the surprising claims and misconceptions that came up during the proceedings. They discuss the difference between whole-plant cannabis and isolated cannabinoids, the challenges of dosing and medical education, cannabis research limitations, adverse effects, and why the lack of cannabis research is itself connected to decades of Schedule I restrictions. The conversation also explores what rescheduling to Schedule III could actually mean, what happens next in the process, why the administrative judge does not make the final decision, and why the DEA ultimately holds that decision. Whether you're a cannabis consumer, home grower, medical professional, researcher, cultivator, cannabis business owner, or simply trying to understand the future of cannabis policy in the United States, this episode gives you an inside look at a hearing most people never had the opportunity to see. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Welcome and Guest Intro 00:40 Max Jackson Background 01:36 Why He Attended Hearing 02:52 Security and Closed Doors 06:46 Who Opposed Rescheduling 08:18 Bias and Expert Framing 10:58 Psychosis and CUD Claims 17:08 IV THC and Syringe Co...

Should THC Be a Range Instead of One Number? with guest Ben Cleary

1 hr 3 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with cannabis research scientist Ben Cleary to unpack groundbreaking research published in Scientific Reports examining THC variability in cannabis flower and what it means for consumers, cultivators, laboratories, and regulators. If you've ever wondered why the same strain can feel different from batch to batch—or why chasing the highest THC percentage often leads to disappointment—this conversation explains the science behind it. Ben shares how his team's research demonstrates the natural variability of THC within a single cannabis plant and why reporting one THC percentage may not accurately represent what consumers actually purchase. Together, Riley and Ben discuss the future of cannabis labeling, range-based THC reporting, lab testing variability, terpene science, chemical diversity, and how better education can improve purchasing decisions and consumer trust. They also explore why aroma may be a better guide than THC percentage alone, how Canada's cannabis industry is beginning to implement THC ranges, the role of laboratory variation in cannabis testing, and what future cannabis packaging could look like as science continues to evolve. Whether you're a cannabis consumer, cultivator, scientist, budtender, regulator, or simply curious about how cannabis testing really works, this episode offers an evidence-based look at one of the industry's biggest conversations. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Meet Ben Cleary 01:04 Inside Village Farms 02:56 Why Study THC Variability 07:19 What the Data Shows 10:28 Range Based Labels 14:08 Low Dose Access Debate 16:37 Health Canada Pilot 19:06 Beyond THC Terpenes 22:56 Lighting and Scale Limits 30:31 Sampling Protocol Shortcut 33:23 Lab Testing Variability 35:26 Measured THC Reality 36:56 Quality Metrics Beyond THC 38:56 Industry Adoption Push 40:48 Why Village Farms Did It 43:05 Next Research Frontiers 45:11 Real World Data Approach 46:20 Science Comm...

Stop the Seed Ban! with Jim Riddle

51 min

Cannabis seed laws are changing, and the consequences could reshape home grow, hemp, cannabis breeding, and the future of plant genetics in the United States. In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with longtime organic farmer, seed breeder, and policy advocate Jim Riddle to explain the proposed federal seed ban, why cannabis seeds are being caught up in new legislation, and what it could mean for growers, breeders, researchers, and consumers. Drawing from over four decades of experience in organic agriculture and public policy, Jim breaks down how a single sentence in federal legislation could classify cannabis seeds based on the THC content of the parent plant rather than the seed itself. Together, Riley and Jim discuss why many believe this is both scientifically flawed and harmful to innovation, home cultivation, and the broader hemp industry. The conversation also explores cannabis genetics, landrace preservation, hemp seed regulation, organic farming, home grow rights, the importance of genetic diversity, and practical ways listeners can advocate for keeping seeds legal. If you care about cannabis science, cultivation, hemp policy, seed preservation, or the future of cannabis genetics, this is an episode you won't want to miss. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Seed Ban Warning 00:51 Jim’s Seed Origin Story 02:23 DEA Ruling and Hemp License 03:17 The One Line That Changes Everything 05:13 ASIGA Lobbying Push 07:14 Why Genetics and Homegrow Matter 09:40 Jim’s Breeding Program 13:17 Hemp’s Bigger Potential 16:15 Minnesota Seed Label Model 18:16 Illicit Market and Business Fallout 22:27 GoFundMe and Fixing Congress 23:22 How to Pressure the Senate 25:08 Deadline November 12 25:55 Hemp Bill Timeline 26:52 Who Controls Genetics 27:45 Gene Editing Patents 29:27 Grassroots Seed Culture 30:36 Breeding With Males 31:50 Art Of Pheno Hunting 34:21 Odds Of Reversal 35:59 Seed Buying And Shipping 39:14 Seed Poem Interlude 41:17 Organic Policy Credentials 44...

A Deep Dive into Tissue Culture with Nathan Johnson

1 hr 0 min

Cannabis tissue culture, plant genetics, micropropagation, and pathogen testing are transforming modern cultivation. In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Dr. Nathan Johnson, President & CEO of Verne Bio, for a fascinating deep dive into one of the most powerful—and misunderstood—tools in cannabis cultivation. Together they explore how tissue culture is helping preserve elite cannabis genetics, eliminate plant pathogens, improve cultivation consistency, and solve some of the industry's biggest challenges. Drawing from Dr. Johnson's extensive background in molecular biology, microbiology, bioinformatics, and plant science, the conversation breaks down how tissue culture works, why it's becoming essential for commercial cultivation, and what growers should know before adopting it. The discussion also examines cannabis testing, microbial contamination, remediation methods, irradiation, and the science behind maintaining healthy plants without sacrificing quality. They unpack how beneficial microbes interact with cannabis, why current testing regulations remain controversial, and the differences between qPCR, culture-based testing, sequencing, and pathogen detection. The episode also explores THC testing variability, why cannabinoid percentages aren't always the best indicator of quality, and how cultivation practices influence the chemistry consumers ultimately experience. Whether you're a home grower, commercial cultivator, cannabis scientist, breeder, laboratory professional, or simply curious about the future of cannabis science, this episode is packed with practical insights and evidence-based discussion. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Welcome and Topic Setup 01:00 Nathan’s Background and Mission 01:59 Why Mother Plants Decline 03:28 Tissue Culture Origins and Bananas 04:39 Media and Hormones Explained 06:03 Meristem vs Node Methods 07:11 Sterile Lab and Decontamination 09:09 Strain Specific Recipes 12:32 Cleaning Pathogens and Viroids...

Two Cannabis Scientists get Nerdy: Genetics & Plant Chemistry

1 hr 34 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Anna Schwabe to the Bioactive Podcast for a deep dive into cannabis genetics, cultivar identity, plant chemistry, and the challenges of making sense of cannabis in a rapidly evolving industry. As two cannabis scientists get thoroughly nerdy, they explore the relationship between genetics and chemical expression, why cultivar names matter, and what science can and cannot tell us about predicting cannabis effects. Drawing from years of research in cannabis genomics, chemotypes, and consumer behavior, Anna explains the disconnect between strain names, marketing claims, and actual genetic identity. The conversation examines how genetics, environment, cultivation practices, and post-harvest handling influence the final chemistry of a cannabis product, often making consumer expectations difficult to predict. They also explore the limitations of the indica, sativa, and hybrid framework, discussing why these categories may still serve a purpose for new consumers while highlighting the need for more nuanced approaches to cannabis classification. The discussion dives into terpene science, aroma-based selection, cultivar verification, consumer perception, breeding strategies, and the future of genetic authentication in cannabis. Additionally, Riley and Anna tackle common industry misconceptions, the importance of preserving cannabis history and culture, and how science can help bridge the gap between growers, consumers, researchers, and retailers. Throughout the episode, they emphasize practical ways consumers can make better decisions while exploring the fascinating complexity of cannabis chemistry and genetics. Whether you're a grower, breeder, budtender, researcher, medical patient, or curious consumer, this episode offers valuable insights into how cannabis genetics shape the products we use and the experiences we have. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Podcast Crossover Intro 01:38 New Mom Conference Life 02:32 Cannabis on Social Media 03:59 Schedule II...

Unlocking Soil Secrets (& Science) with Brandon Rust

1 hr 21 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Brandon Rust, founder and CEO of FulCrop Sciences, for a fascinating conversation about the hidden biological systems that drive plant health and productivity. Brandon shares insights from years of cultivation experience, explaining how modern growing practices have shifted away from natural ecosystem processes and why rebuilding biological balance may be one of the most important steps for improving plant performance and long-term sustainability. The discussion explores how microbes, organic matter, mineral interactions, and natural nutrient cycling influence everything from root development to crop resilience and overall plant quality. Brandon also breaks down practical approaches growers can use to better support healthy ecosystems while reducing dependence on heavily synthetic inputs. They also discuss practical cultivation strategies for home growers and commercial cultivators alike, including compost teas, microbial inoculants, biological crop steering, mineral balancing, and the importance of understanding soil as a dynamic ecosystem rather than an inert growing medium. The discussion further examines the intersection of plant science, sustainability, cannabis cultivation, food systems, and the future of regenerative farming. Throughout the episode, Brandon shares insights into biological fertility, plant stress responses, nutrient cycling, and how healthier soils can ultimately lead to healthier plants and healthier people. Whether you’re interested in regenerative agriculture, cannabis cultivation, soil science, plant biology, sustainable farming, or microbial ecology, this episode is packed with practical insights and science-backed education. Chapters: 00:00 Childhood Foster Trauma 01:05 Podcast Intro Guest Setup 02:57 Night Terrors And Meds 06:24 Rebellion Cannabis Awakening 10:39 Hard Living Jail Time 12:18 Finding Family OG Growers 14:41 Electricity Tap First Grow 18:37 S...

Cannabis Industry Insights: Mycotoxins, Testing, and Biohacking with Kyle Boyar

1 hr 11 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Kyle Boyar to the Bioactive Podcast for an in-depth conversation on cannabis testing, mycotoxins, analytical chemistry, biohacking, and the evolving cannabis industry. Drawing from over a decade of experience in cannabis science, Kyle shares insights from his work across leading cannabis testing laboratories, academic institutions, and regulatory spaces. The discussion explores how cannabis testing has evolved over the years, the importance of accurate lab data, and the real-world challenges surrounding contamination, safety standards, and consumer trust. They also dive into the science of mycotoxins, microbial contamination, heavy metals, and how environmental conditions can impact cannabis quality and safety. The conversation examines the complexities of cannabis regulation, inconsistencies between state testing systems, and the role of analytical chemistry in improving industry standards. Additionally, they explore cannabis biohacking, cannabinoids, terpenes, creativity, and the relationship between cannabis use and cognitive performance. The dialogue further highlights the importance of scientific literacy within the cannabis industry, education for consumers, and the need for evidence-based discussions around cannabis safety and wellness. Finally, they touch on the future of cannabis science, emerging technologies in testing, and how researchers can help shape a more transparent and informed cannabis landscape. This is a conversation for anyone interested in cannabis science, product safety, laboratory testing, biohacking, analytical chemistry, and the future of evidence-based cannabis education. Chapters 00:00 Magnesium and Cortisol Timing 00:46 Meet the Guest Kyle Boyar 02:08 Biohacking 03:47 Daily Supplements and Omega-3 Quality 07:28 How to Vet Supplements 09:47 Caffeine Plus L-Theanine Focus Stack 13:59 Nighttime Calm Magnesium and CBN 21:04 Ashwagandha for Stress and Cortisol 24:31 Hangover Defense DHM and NAC 28:47...

A Budtender’s Guide to Cannabis with Tessa Dattillo

58 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Tessa Dattilo to the Bioactive Podcast to break down what it really means to be a budtender and how cannabis education translates to real-world consumer experiences. With nearly a decade in the cannabis industry, Tessa shares insights from the frontlines—helping patients and customers navigate products, understand cannabinoids and terpenes, and make informed decisions in an increasingly complex market. They explore the science behind how different cannabis products affect the body, including why edibles feel different from inhaled cannabis, how tolerance develops, and why product quality and sourcing matter. The conversation dives into red flags consumers should watch for when selecting products, from over-marketed “themed” items to inconsistencies in labeling and formulation. They also discuss the role of budtenders as educators, the gaps in industry training, and how consumers can advocate for themselves inside dispensaries. Additionally, they examine differences in state regulations, product availability, and how legislation shapes what ends up on dispensary shelves. Tessa shares practical advice for aspiring budtenders, key foundational knowledge to focus on, and how real patient interactions—from chronic pain to end-of-life care—highlight the importance of accessible, accurate cannabis education. The episode also touches on tolerance, product sampling, craft vs large-scale cannabis brands, and the importance of curiosity when navigating cannabis use. This is a conversation for anyone who wants to better understand cannabis from both a scientific and real-world perspective—whether you’re a consumer, patient, or working within the industry. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Too Strong Too Soon 01:22 Meet Tessa 420 02:06 From Cali to Illinois 04:01 Dispensary Education Gaps 06:02 Terpenes Rules and Misinformation 25:00 Budtender Life and Medical Use 30:24 Distillate Value Debate 31:55 Edibles Take Over 32:59 Drinks and Powder Buzz 35:51 Delta-8...

Researching and Growing Cannabis with Dr. Emily Gogol

1 hr 22 min

On this episode, Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Emily Gogol to the Bioactive Podcast to discuss the science, cultivation, and accessibility of cannabis from both a research and real-world growing perspective. Drawing from her background in biomedical science and her work leading Infinite Tree and Grow It From Home, Emily shares her journey from infectious disease research into cannabis farming, and how she applies data-driven methods to breeding, field trials, and terpene selection. They explore the process of developing stable, uniform cannabis genetics, the role of sensory evaluation (“the nose”) in selecting cultivars, and the importance of simplifying cannabis cultivation for home growers. The conversation also dives into practical growing techniques, including seed starting, drying and curing methods, and how to assess plant health and readiness. They discuss common challenges growers face, from germination myths and hermaphrodite stress to the differences between indoor and outdoor genetics. Additionally, they explore the evolving landscape of cannabis access, including home growing, seed distribution, and the impact of hemp regulations on small businesses and patients. The dialogue further highlights DIY approaches to cannabis as medicine, cannabinoid differences such as CBD, THC, and CBG, and the importance of education in empowering growers. Finally, they touch on the broader vision of making cannabis cultivation more approachable, sustainable, and accessible to communities nationwide. This is a conversation for anyone who wants to better understand the science behind cannabis cultivation, explore practical growing techniques, and gain the confidence to approach cannabis as both a plant and a tool for self-sufficiency. Chapters 00:00 Cannabis Is Just A Plant 00:53 Meet Dr Emily Gogol 02:45 From Infectious Disease To Farming 06:30 Starting The Oregon Farm 07:59 Recreating Sour Pineapple 12:50 Breeding For Uniformity 16:18 Field Trials And Data Systems...

New Research on Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) with Dr. Codi Peterson and Megan Mbengue

55 min

On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Dr. Codi Peterson and Megan Mbengue to discuss their newly published paper on Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS). Drawing from their recently published research and clinical experience, they explore what CHS is, how it presents, and why it is often misunderstood or misdiagnosed. The conversation covers early warning signs, the prodromal phase, and the severe symptoms patients experience, including the challenges faced in emergency care settings. They also address common misconceptions around cannabis use patterns, frequency, and the role of THC in the development of CHS. They discuss key factors influencing CHS, including consumption methods such as vaping versus flower, rapid THC absorption, tolerance, and the impact of high-potency products. The discussion explores myths around pesticides, synthetic cannabinoids, and the importance of distinguishing correlation from causation in cannabis-related health outcomes. Additionally, they examine strategies for reducing risk, including tolerance breaks, balanced use, and patient education without stigma. The dialogue further highlights the importance of compassionate care, proper diagnosis, and the role of healthcare professionals in bridging the gap between cannabis use and medical understanding. Finally, they touch on future research directions, the importance of data collection, and how education can shape safer, more informed cannabis use. This is a conversation for anyone using cannabis regularly, healthcare professionals seeking to better understand CHS, or patients navigating unexplained symptoms. Whether you're exploring cannabis for wellness or working in clinical settings, this episode provides critical insight into responsible use, early warning signs, and the evolving science behind cannabis-related health outcomes. Chapters 00:00 CHS Is Real 00:58 Welcome And Guests 01:43 Publishing The Study 03:47 What Is CHS 05:04 ER Reality C...

Cannabis and Traumatic Brain Injuries with guest Nikki Lawley

59 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Nikki Lawley to the podcast to discuss the transformative role of medical cannabis in managing traumatic brain injury (TBI), sharing her powerful personal journey alongside practical insights into cannabis as medicine. They cover topics such as the immediate and long-term symptoms of TBI, the challenges of navigating traditional healthcare systems, and the limitations of pharmaceutical treatments. Additionally, they explore how cannabis became a turning point in Nikki’s recovery, the barriers to access in the United States, and the stigma patients face when seeking alternative therapies. The discussion emphasizes patient-centered care, the importance of advocacy, and the growing role of cannabis in treating neurological conditions. They also delve into various aspects of cannabis science and personalized medicine, including cannabinoid therapy, terpene profiles, and the use of data tracking tools like Strainprint to optimize treatment outcomes. They discuss the significance of consistency in dosing, the effects of aged cannabis and CBN, and the role of terpene boiling points in consumption methods. The conversation further explores different delivery systems such as vaping and inhalation, how cannabis interacts with the endocannabinoid system, and the importance of experimentation in finding effective protocols. Finally, they touch on cannabis policy, patient advocacy, and the critical role of storytelling in advancing legalization and improving access for patients worldwide. This is a conversation for anyone navigating chronic illness, traumatic brain injury, or exploring cannabis as a potential therapeutic option. Whether you're a patient, caregiver, healthcare professional, or simply curious about the science of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, this episode provides valuable insights into how cannabis can be used intentionally to support healing and improve quality of life.   Chapters 00:00 TBI Changed Everything 01:34 Pod...

Beyond Caffeine: The Hidden Chemistry of Coffee with Dr. Steven Helschien (Dr. Coffee)

1 hr 10 min

There are all sorts of misconceptions about coffee — that it dehydrates you, that it’s bad for your heart, or that caffeine is the only thing happening in the cup. Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes coffee scientist Dr. Steven Helschien, widely known as “Dr. Coffee,” for a fascinating conversation exploring the chemistry, health effects, and cultural significance of one of the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive plants: coffee. With a background in chemistry and extensive experience in coffee education and research, Dr. Helschien breaks down the complex science behind coffee in a way that is both practical and accessible. They discuss coffee as a psychoactive plant medicine, examining not only caffeine but also the wide range of entourage compounds that influence its physiological and cognitive effects. Dr. Helschien and Dr. Kirk explore coffee’s relationship with inflammation, liver health, and cardiovascular markers, unpacking what current research suggests about coffee consumption and long-term wellness. They also explore the importance of coffee quality, including concerns about mold contamination, sourcing practices, and what consumers should look for when choosing high-quality beans. The conversation touches on brewing techniques and the science of extraction, the chemistry behind decaffeination methods, and why caffeine affects the body the way it does. The episode also expands into broader discussions about coffee as plant medicine, the cultural role of caffeine, and the fine line between daily ritual and dependence. Dr. Helschien shares insights into mold-free coffee sourcing, considerations around caffeine and breastfeeding, and practical strategies like caffeine cycling to maintain sensitivity to its effects. This is a conversation for anyone who loves coffee but wants to understand what’s really happening in the cup. Whether you're curious about caffeine’s effects, confused by common coffee myths, exploring brewing methods, or simply trying to get mor...

How Fast-Acting Products Actually Work with Harold Han, PhD

57 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Harold Han, Chief Science Officer and Co-Founder of Vertosa to explore the fascinating world of the science powering modern cannabis beverages and infused products. Known in the industry as “The Happy Chemist,” Dr. Han explains how emulsion technology solves the classic oil-and-water problem that makes cannabinoids difficult to incorporate into drinks. The conversation breaks down how water-compatible cannabinoids are created, why droplet size and consistency matter for potency and onset, and how stability challenges differ between beverages and gummies. They explore oxidation rates of major cannabinoids, packaging risks like “scalping” from can liners, and new patented approaches to preserving potencyin infused drinks. They also examine the full beverage development pipeline, from cannabinoids and infusion technology to formulation, manufacturing, testing, and distribution, highlighting the many points where potency and quality can be affected. Dr. Han clarifies the difference between nano and micro emulsions, why most commercial cannabis drinks use nano systems, and how natural emulsifiers influence formulation choices. The discussion further explores how the human body processes emulsified cannabinoids, why food (especially fat) changes edible effects, and how fast-acting beverages work at a physiological level. They discuss new human research initiatives, patient applications such as consistent dosing without sugar or smoke, and how standardized emulsions could transform both clinical research and at-home use. Looking ahead, Dr. Han shares insights on full-plant formulations, the future of cannabis as a precise delivery system for medicine, and the role of science-driven innovation in making cannabinoids more accessible, consistent, and scalable across recreational, wellness, and medical markets. Chapters 00:00 Welcome + Meet Dr. Harold Hahn (“Happy Chemist”) & What Vert Does 00:52 From Cannabis Stigma to Conscious Living: Harol...

Schedule 3, Hemp Bans, and Cannabis Law

1 hr 4 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes cannabis attorney and legalization advocate Tom Howard to unpack the complexities of cannabis law and regulation in the United States. Drawing on more than 15 years of experience, Tom shares how he helps clients navigate licensing and application processes for dispensaries and cannabis businesses across multiple states. Together, they explore how state-by-state regulatory systems function, the challenges of securing permits, and the financial barriers facing cannabis entrepreneurs, particularly social equity applicants. The conversation also examines the federal effort to move cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, discussing what rescheduling could mean for taxation, scientific research, and cannabis operations nationwide. Additional topics include the recent hemp ban and its impact on THCA products, seed sales, and interstate commerce, ongoing banking challenges in the cannabis industry, advocacy organizations pushing for reform, and legal strategies for remaining compliant in a shifting regulatory environment. Tom also offers insight into his work with Cannabis Legalization News before the episode closes with a forward-looking discussion on the future of legalization and cannabis policy. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to the Bioactive Podcast 00:36 Tom Howard's Journey in Cannabis Law 01:17 Navigating State Regulations and Applications 03:46 Challenges and Legal Complexities 06:24 Financial Hurdles in the Cannabis Industry 15:13 The Impact of Federal Law and Rescheduling 30:27 Advocacy and Future of Cannabis Legislation 34:17 THCA and Synthetic Cannabinoids Ban 34:41 Congressional Actions and Implications 37:14 Banking Challenges for Cannabis Businesses 38:53 Project 2025 and Political Climate 40:22 Hemp Industry Loopholes and Regulations 51:33 Cannabis Legalization News and Podcast 55:17 Future of Cannabis Legislation   Watch Cannabis Legalization News www.youtube.com/@CannabisL...

The Untapped World of Acidic Cannabinoids with Dr. Bid

1 hr 12 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Hemant Bid joins Dr. Riley Kirk discussing the often-overlooked world of acidic cannabinoids aka Raw or Unactivated cannabinoids, such as CBGA, THCA, and CBDA. He shares his extensive background in cannabis research and education, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of these compounds, which are non-psychoactive and interact with various non-cannabinoid targets in the body. The conversation also delves into extraction techniques for preserving these cannabinoids, their role in plant defense, and the future of research in this area. Dr. Bid highlights the importance of personalized medicine and the need for more education and understanding in the field of medical cannabis. Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Follow Dr. Bid on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/hemant-kumar-bid-bs-ms-phd-ms-pharmacology-60aabb15/ Sign Up for Emails!  ⁠www.AppliedPharmacognosy.org⁠  Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://instagram.com/cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Cannabis Question and Answer Sesh!

53 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk shares a 2025 year-in-review and announces exciting news about teaching a cannabis chemistry and pharmacology course at Vermont State University next Spring. Riley then dives into a Q&A packed with highly requested cannabis education topics, answering real listener questions about nanoemulsification safety, whether CBN truly helps with sleep, and the pros and cons of dabbing concentrates. She also breaks down how to talk to family about cannabis use, the science behind THC:CBD ratios, why “indica vs. sativa” is largely a myth, and how different strain chemistries influence effects. Riley explains the difference between live resin vs. live rosin vape cartridges, how nano cannabis products work in the body, and whether already-vaped cannabis is still edible or effective. If you are curious about cannabis science, consumption methods, harm reduction, or understanding how cannabinoids and terpenes really work, this episode is packed with practical insights. Riley closes with a warm holiday message and a look ahead at what’s coming in 2026. Topics covered: cannabis chemistry, nano THC safety, CBN for sleep, dabbing benefits, THC/CBD ratios, terpene science, talking about cannabis with family, live resin vs. live rosin, cannabis education, pharmacology, cannabis myths, and more. Chapters 00:00 Reflecting on the Year and Future Plans 02:47 Q&A: Exploring Cannabis and Pharmacology 05:56 Creating Custom Cannabis Experiences 08:27 Understanding CBN and Its Effects 10:37 Dabbing: Benefits and Drawbacks 26:37 Understanding Dabs: Pros and Cons 29:03 Coming Out of the Green Closet 32:36 Engaging with the Cannabis Science Community 35:11 Balancing THC with CBD 38:47 THC and Seizure Treatment 41:16 Debunking the Indica vs. Sativa Myth 46:12 Vape Cartridges: Live Resin vs. Live Rosin 52:03 Using Vaped Cannabis for Edibles VTSU Course Information: For non-matriculated students (those not fully enrolled in VTS...

Indoor Grow Tips, Mastering the Dry and Cure and Community Q&A with Jordan River from Growcast

1 hr 23 min

Dr. Riley Kirk has Jordan River on the podcast to discuss the intricacies of indoor cannabis cultivation, sharing personal experiences and insights on various aspects of growing. They cover topics such as the challenges of transitioning plants from outdoor to indoor environments, the importance of consistency in care, effective watering techniques, and the management of temperature and light. Additionally, they delve into soil health, pest management, and the processes of harvesting, drying, and curing cannabis. The discussion emphasizes practical tips for both novice and experienced growers, highlighting the importance of observation and adaptation in successful gardening. They also delve into various aspects of cannabis cultivation, including the peel test for assessing dryness, the benefits of co-planting with vegetables, and the critical factors in drying and curing cannabis. They also discuss outdoor growing techniques, best practices for storing cannabis, and the innovative use of CO2 enhancement in grow tents. The dialogue further explores the timing for outdoor planting, the nuances of transplanting auto flowers, and the challenges faced by growers in prohibition states. Finally, they touch on the exciting intersection of coffee and cannabis, highlighting the potential for a unique beverage experience. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Indoor Growing Challenges 08:17 Understanding Plant Care and Consistency 14:58 Temperature and Light Management 22:56 Watering Techniques and Best Practices 27:19 Understanding Living Soil and Its Ecosystem 29:03 Light Cycles and Their Importance in Growth 31:03 Indoor vs Outdoor Growing: Key Differences 32:37 The Debate on Bud Washing: Pros and Cons 35:39 Drying and Curing: Best Practices 40:20 The Science of Drying: Metrics That Matter 42:41 Co-Planting: Growing Food Alongside Cannabis 45:27 Pre-Harvest Moisture and Air Turbulence in Drying 50:40 Topping Outdoor Plants: Timing and Techniques 57:08 Storing Cannab...

THC Infused Beverages: New Data from MoreBetter

1 hr 26 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk and Dr. Miyabe Shields dive into the world’s largest study on infused cannabis beverages, exploring how cannabinoid-based drinkables are transforming wellness, social drinking culture, and public health. They sit down with Tyler and Kevin from MoreBetter who designed and executed this groundbreaking study. They break down the study design, participant demographics, and key findings, including data showing a reduction in alcohol consumption, improved sleep and mental health outcomes, and insights into why consumers are turning to cannabis beverages as a safer, more accessible alternative. The discussion also gets technical, unpacking how emulsification and formulation science influence onset, absorption, and overall product efficacy. Whether you’re a formulator, researcher, or just a curious consumer, this episode brings evidence-based clarity to one of the fastest-growing segments of the cannabis industry. This conversation is more important than ever right now as hemp beverages are about to become illegal with the new legislation around THC in hemp products.   What You’ll Learn How cannabinoid-infused beverages are reshaping the future of social consumption Key results from the world’s largest infused drink study What emulsification means for onset, bioavailability, and effects The surpris ing connection between cannabis beverages and reduced alcohol intake How these findings could influence public policy and consumer education Episode Timestamps 00:00 – Introduction to the Study 05:01 – Study Design & Participant Demographics 15:01 – Key Findings on Alcohol Consumption 25:01 – The Science of Emulsification 35:01 – Impact on Sleep & Mental Health 45:01 – Policy & Education Implications 55:01 – Closing Thoughts & Future Directions Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions...

Going To College to Become a Cannabis Scientist with Guest Alex Eckman

1 hr 1 min

Alex Eckman shares his journey in the cannabis industry, from being a medical patient to pursuing a degree in cannabis chemistry at Lake Superior State University. He discusses the evolution of cannabis education, the importance of research, and his findings on vape carts and microplastics. Alex also addresses the challenges facing the Michigan cannabis market and his aspirations for the future, emphasizing the need for education and informed decision-making in the industry. Chapters 00:00Introduction and Background 03:00 The Landscape of Cannabis Education 06:07 Academic vs. Industry Experience 09:05 Research Opportunities in Cannabis 11:53 Vape Cart Research and Findings 14:57 Concerns About Microplastics in Vape Products 17:57 Future Research Directions 20:55 Conclusions and Reflections 31:57 Informed Choices in Cannabis Consumption 34:06 The Importance of Research and Consumer Safety 37:14 Navigating the Cannabis Job Market 40:32 Challenges in the Michigan Cannabis Industry 43:48 Regulatory Changes and Their Impact 46:39 The Evolution of Cannabis Pricing in Michigan 51:26 Home Growing: Opportunities and Challenges 53:51 The Future of the Michigan Cannabis Market 54:31 Reflections on Experience in Ohio's Cannabis Market 57:46 The Entrepreneurial Spirit in Cannabis 01:01:42 Looking Ahead: Opportunities and Optimism Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including MOTHER EARTH: Rooted in Nature. Back by Experience. ⁠⁠https://www.mother-earthproducts.com/ ⁠⁠ Follow Alex on social media: @AlexEckmanCanna CRC Video on Microplastics: https://youtu.be...

My Birth/ Postpartum Journey (So Far)

48 min

CONTENT WARNING: IF YOU HAVE STRUGGLED WITH A DIFFICULT BIRTH EXPERIENCE THIS STORY MAY NOT BE BENEFICIAL TO LISTEN TO Dr. Riley Kirk shares her postpartum journey, discussing her high-risk pregnancy due to ICP, the challenges of early induction, and her return to cannabis use for mental well-being. She emphasizes the importance of self-advocacy, mental health, and the healing power of cannabis, while also expressing gratitude for her supportive community. 00:00 Introduction and Pregnancy Update 5:00 High-Risk Pregnancy and ICP 8:00 Managing ICP and Induction 15:00 Birth Experience and Recovery 30:00 Postpartum Challenges and Cannabis 40:27 Advocacy and Future Plans Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including Botanicare:  Quality-minded growers choose Botanicare. From CalMag to CocoGro, their line supports healthy roots, heavy flowers, and serious results. Feed your plants with purpose, choose Botanicare. https://www.botanicare.com/ Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://instagram.com/cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Flavonoids in Cannabis: Introducing Cannflavins

50 min

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes international cannabis consultant, researcher, and author Russ Hudson to explore the fascinating world of flavonoids—an often overlooked but powerful group of compounds found in cannabis and everyday foods. In this episode, Russ shares his journey from the underground cannabis market to scientific research, and together they break down what flavonoids are, how they impact plant color, health, and resilience, and why they matter for human nutrition and wellness. Discover the latest research on cannabis-specific flavonoids, their potential medicinal benefits, and practical tips for boosting flavonoids in your diet.  More About Russ Hudson: Russ Hudson is an international cannabis consultant, researcher, and the author of The Big Book of Terps - the world's largest scientific resource on terpenes and synergy in cannabis, and The Formidable Book of Flavonoids, a companion textbook. Russ has dedicated more than 30 years to cannabis, working with the private social clubs of Spain, the coffeeshops and suppliers of the Netherlands, and cannabis, hemp, and CBD producers in Germany, Switzerland, Portugal, and other EU countries, while also specializing as a cannabis licensing, compliance, and regulatory affairs expert in many US states. Russ has been arrested and jailed for cultivation and trafficking, he has been the subject of a Vice documentary, he has written a children's book about cannabis, and he currently researches and collaborates with the world's leading cannabinoid, terpene, flavonoid, and other scientists. Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episod...

Cannabis and Geriatric Care with Dr. Janice Makela, MD PART TWO: Sleep & Mental Health

50 min

In part two of Dr. Riley Kirk's conversation with Dr. Janice Makela, MD, they delve into the complexities of cannabis use among the elderly, discussing its potential benefits and risks for sleep and mental health matters. The conversation also covers the importance of low dosing, the role of the endocannabinoid system, and the challenges of integrating cannabis into traditional medical practices. Big thanks to Dr. Janice for answering so many questions from the Bioactive community! Find out more about Dr. Janice Makela, MD: ⁠https://www.janicemakelamd.com/⁠ Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including MOTHER EARTH: Rooted in Nature. Back by Experience. ⁠https://www.mother-earthproducts.com/ ⁠ Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠https://instagram.com/cannabichem⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Cannabis and Geriatric Care with Dr. Janice Makela

53 min

Host Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Dr. Janice Makela, MD for part one of a two part episode; the conversation was so interesting they couldn't cut it short! They discuss the evolving landscape of cannabis medicine, particularly for the geriatric population. She emphasizes the importance of education for both patients and physicians, addressing common misconceptions and the need for responsible dosing. The discussion covers various consumption methods, including edibles and tinctures, and highlights the potential benefits and risks associated with cannabis use in older adults. Dr. Makela also shares insights on the importance of safe and legal access to cannabis products. The discussion delves into the risks associated with smoking, including bronchitis and COPD, and highlights the benefits of using vaporizers over traditional smoking methods. The speakers also discuss the efficacy of cannabis topicals for pain relief and their role in wound care, and the importance of considering drug interactions. The speakers advocate for a cautious approach to cannabis use, especially among older adults and those with existing health conditions. Please consult your physician or health care team for questions that relate specifically to your health. Find out more about Dr. Janice Makela, MD: https://www.janicemakelamd.com/ Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including MOTHER EARTH: Rooted in Nature. Back by Experience. https://www.mother-earthproducts.com/ Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: ⁠⁠https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://instagr...

Dry Herb Vaping with Jürgen Bickel | STORZ & BICKEL + Volcano & Mighty Giveaway

1 hr 11 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, I sit down with Jürgen Bickel, Managing Director and Co-Founder of STORZ & BICKEL,  the legendary German company behind the Volcano, Mighty, Venty and Crafty vaporizers. We dive deep into: - What dry herb vaping is and how it works - Why vaporizing cannabis may be a healthier option compared to smoking - The science behind medical-grade vaporizers and what makes STORZ & BICKEL devices trusted by patients and professionals worldwide - Which herbs (beyond cannabis) you can safely vaporize for wellness and relaxation -  How vapor quality, temperature control, and engineering impact your cannabis experience. Whether you’re a medical cannabis patient, wellness enthusiast, or adult-use consumer curious about switching it up from combustion, this episode offers insight into one of my personal favorite ways to consume- dry herb vaping. We’re giving away TWO legendary vaporizers:  A Volcano Vaporizer (the classic desktop powerhouse)  A Mighty Vaporizer (the portable medical-grade vape)  To enter, just fill out a quick survey about dry herb vaping. https://forms.gle/Upce2XnHXFHugRNu7 Learn more about Storz and Bickel Products: https://www.storz-bickel.com/en-us/ Follow Storz and Bickel and Jürgen Bickel on Instagram: S&B: @ Storz.Bickel Jürgen: @ Jurgen_Bickel Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including General Hyrdoponics trusted by growers for over 40 years, General Hydroponics’ Flora Series is the gold standard in hydro nutrients. Consistent, powerful, and proven in the lab and the field, because your plants deserve nothing less...

Devin Melnyk: From Grower to Cannabis Tech Start Up

48 min

Devin Melnyk shares his journey from the gray market of cannabis cultivation to working with one of the largest licensed producers in Canada. He discusses the evolution of the cannabis industry, the differences between the Canadian and U.S. markets, and the importance of community in cannabis culture. Devin also tells us about the new HiNote app, designed to help users track their cannabis experiences and connect with others in the community. Find out more about HiNote: https://www.hinote.ai/ https://www.instagram.com/hinote.ai/ ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Cannabis is Personalized Medicine with Lauren Avenius at Mary Jane Berlin

46 min

This week we are headed to Germany, this podcast was recorded at the world's largest cannabis expo called Mary Jane Berlin. I had the opportunity to jointly host and record a podcast with Lauren Avenius, the CEO of Node Labs. She is doing some ground breaking work with cannabis breeding and genetics and is doing an amazing job connecting people across the industry. Her work also encompasses other companies like Four20Pharma and Compound Genetics.   This conversation covers everything from strain specific effects, understanding dosing and consumption methods, and how our own genetics and the plant genetics may influence our experience.  Thank you to our sponsor for this episode GAVITA: For over 40 years, Gavita has been the trusted name in horticultural lighting, setting the benchmark for performance, reliability, and innovation. ⁠https://gavita.com/category/led-grow-lights/⁠ IG: @gavitanorthamerica  Enter the MaryJane x Node Labs Giveaway  https://forms.gle/nex2aBdDB4JT7g6D6 Follow lauren on Instagram and LinkedIn: @Lavenius  https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurenavenius/ ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How Animals Medicate with Dr. Jaap De Roode

58 min

In this conversation, host Dr. Riley Kirk and guest Dr. Jaap De Roode discuss the fascinating field of zoo pharmacognosy, exploring how animals medicate themselves using natural substances. He shares insights from his research on monarch butterflies and honeybees, highlighting the role of toxic compounds and fungi in animal health. The discussion also touches on the implications for agriculture, the importance of biodiversity, and the potential for learning from animal behaviors in medicine. Dr. De Roode emphasizes the need for more research in this area and the significance of maintaining natural ecosystems for the health of both animals and humans. Key Takeaways Zoo pharmacognosy is the study of how animals medicate themselves. Monarch butterflies use toxic milkweed compounds to combat parasites. Honeybees may use fungi to treat infections in their colonies. Animal medication can be a learned behavior or instinctual response. Diversity in diet is crucial for animal health and resilience. Propolis serves as both a cement and a medicinal substance for bees. Observational studies provide insights into animal medication behaviors. Animals can change their behavior based on their health needs. Research on animal medication can inform agricultural practices. Understanding animal medication can lead to new discoveries in human medicine. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Zoo Pharmacognosy 04:08 Research Focus: Monarch Butterflies and Honeybees 10:58 Defining Animal Medication vs. Self-Medication 14:59 Examples of Animal Medication in Nature 18:20 Chimpanzees and Traditional Healing 24:38 Learning and Sharing Medicinal Knowledge in Animals 26:14 The Fascinating World of Animal Self-Medication 28:53 Agricultural Practices and Animal Health 32:38 The Importance of Choice and Diversity in Animal Diets 33:37 Studying Animal Behavior and Medicating Practices 35:56 Recreational Use of Plants by Animals 40:56 Addressing Animal Anxiety and Depression 43:52 Na...

#NAPTIME with Dr. Miyabe Shields: Exploring Cannabis Science and Community

1 hr 40 min

Join us for a deep dive into the world of cannabis science with Dr. Miyabe Shields and host Dr. Riley Kirk cofounders of the Network of Applied Pharmacognosy. NAP is a nonprofit focused on studying the real world uses of cannabis and other natural products as well as the biochemical mechanisms. In this episode, we discuss the latest updates on biochemistry projects, the importance of enzymes in the endocannabinoid system, and the exciting findings from the Science of Smokability study. Discover how community insights are shaping research and the future of cannabis as a medicine. The role of enzymes in the endocannabinoid system. Understanding cannabis puff profiles, The impact of water activity on cannabis quality, Community-driven research and advocacy Upcoming projects and collaborations #CannabisScience #EndocannabinoidSystem #NAPTIMEPodcast #CannabisResearch #CommunityAdvocacy Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction to NAPTIME Bioactive Podcast 2:00 - Overview of the Network of Applied Pharmacognosy 5:15 - Discussion on Biochemistry and Endocannabinoid System 12:30 - Importance of Enzymes in Cannabis Interaction 13:00 - Science of Smokability: Water Activity and Quality 20:45 - Community Insights and Research Advocacy 30:00 - Discussion on Cannabis Strain-Specific Effects 35:20 - Chemical Diversity Theory and Its Implications 40:00 - Personal Experiences and Anecdotes 45:30 - Upcoming Projects and Collaborations 50:00 - Challenges in Cannabis Research and Advocacy 55:15 - Conclusion and Call to Action 58:00 - Closing Remarks and Thank You Sign Up For NAP’s Email List/Newsletter or Donate: www.AppliedPharmacognosy.org Read the Science of Smokeability Paper https://www.cannabissciencetech.com/view/impact-of-water-activity-on-the-chemical-composition-and-smoking-quality-of-cannabis-flower-the-science-of-smokability-phase-i-results Order my book Reefer Wellness! ⁠⁠⁠https://www.amazon.com/Reefer-Wellness-Understanding-Cannabis-Medicine/dp/0593847156⁠⁠⁠ ✨ W...

Cannabis, Pregnancy, Fertility and Breastfeeding: A neuropharmacologist’s perspective with Dr. Michele Ross

1 hr 24 min

In this conversation, Dr. Michele Ross discusses the complexities of cannabis use during pregnancy, sharing her personal experiences and insights as a neuropharmacologist and fibromyalgia patient. The discussion highlights the lack of comprehensive research on the effects of cannabis, the comparative safety of cannabis versus traditional medications, and the stigma surrounding its use. Dr. Ross emphasizes the importance of advocacy, education, and support systems, including the role of doulas, in navigating the challenges faced by pregnant women considering cannabis as a treatment option. In this conversation, Dr. Michele Ross discusses the complexities of cannabis use during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and its effects on fertility and mental health. She emphasizes the importance of conscious use, tracking consumption, and the potential benefits and risks associated with cannabis. The discussion also touches on tapering off cannabis and pharmaceuticals, exploring other medicinal plants, and the need for community support among mothers. Dr. Ross highlights the lack of solid research on long-term effects of cannabis exposure and encourages individuals to seek personalized care from qualified professionals. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Context Setting 05:01 The Role of Cannabis in Women's Health 10:13 Understanding Risks and Benefits of Cannabis During Pregnancy 14:59 Comparative Analysis: Cannabis vs. Traditional Medications 19:47 The Importance of Research and Anecdotal Evidence 25:03 Addressing Stigma and Misconceptions 30:11 The Future of Cannabis Research in Pregnancy 31:23 Legal Complexities of Cannabis Use During Pregnancy 36:36 Navigating Stigma and Support in Cannabis Use 41:40 The Role of Doulas and Healthcare Professionals 46:01 Tapering Cannabis Use and Consumption Methods 56:00 Understanding Cannabis and Fertility 01:02:04 Breastfeeding and Cannabis: Safety and Concerns 01:05:26 The Role of Cannabinoids in Breast Milk Production 01:08:40 E...

What Happens When A Stoner Scientist Gets Pregnant... My Journey So Far

54 min

In this episode, Riley Kirk shares her personal journey through pregnancy, focusing on her experiences with cannabis use, tapering down her consumption, and the emotional and physical changes she faced. She discusses the importance of mental health during this time, the role of her supportive partner, and the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). The conversation also touches on the gender reveal process and the complexities of navigating a high-risk pregnancy. In this conversation, Riley Kirk shares her personal journey with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP), a rare liver condition that can occur during pregnancy. She discusses the emotional and physical challenges she faced, the medical treatments available, and the lifestyle changes she made to manage her symptoms. Riley emphasizes the importance of mental health support and community during this difficult time, and reflects on her experiences as a pregnant woman in the cannabis community. She also expresses gratitude for the support she received from friends and family, and looks forward to continuing the conversation about women's health and pregnancy in future episodes. THE MAIN TAKEAWAY OF THIS EPISODE IS TO BE YOUR OWN ADVOCATE DURING PREGNANCY. PHYSICIANS KNOW A LOT BUT YOU ARE THE EXPERT ON YOUR OWN BODY. (THERE'S ALSO A SECRET SEED GIVEAWAY IF YOU CLICK THE PATREON LINK) Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Pregnancy Journey and Cannabis Use 03:11 Discovering Pregnancy and Initial Reactions 05:55 Tapering Down Cannabis Consumption 08:48 Methods of Consumption and Personal Preferences 12:01 Managing Migraines and Mental Health During Pregnancy 15:11 The Role of Supportive Partners 18:00 Gender Reveal and Early Testing 20:51 High-Risk Pregnancy and ICP Diagnosis 27:14 Understanding Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) 30:00 The Emotional Toll of High-Risk Pregnancy 33:07 Treatment Options and Medical Anomalies 35:53 Lifestyle Changes and Natural Remedies 4...

The Amazing Coevolution of Monarch Butterflies and Milkweed Plants with Dr. Anurag Agrawal

59 min

In this conversation, Host Dr. Riley Kirk and Dr. Anurag Agrawal discuss the intricate relationship between monarch butterflies and milkweed, exploring themes of coevolution, chemical ecology, and the ecological arms race. He explains how monarchs have adapted to survive the toxic compounds in milkweed, the challenges they face due to habitat destruction and pesticides, and the importance of conservation efforts. The discussion highlights the fascinating dynamics of species interactions and the need for community involvement in preserving biodiversity. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Monarchs and Milkweed 06:32 The Co-evolutionary Dance 11:32 Monarchs vs. Milkweed: The Arms Race 20:14 The Role of Cardiac Glycosides 30:01 Sequestration and Survival Strategies 31:37 The Journey of Monarch Butterflies 37:30 Understanding Monarch Population Decline 46:49 Human Impact on Monarchs and Conservation Efforts 54:01 Exploring Other Fascinating Insects Follow Dr.Agrawal’s research: https://ecologyandevolution.cornell.edu/anurag-agrawal https://agrawal.eeb.cornell.edu/ Read or listen to Monarchs and Milkweed https://www.amazon.com/Monarchs-Milkweed-Migrating-Remarkable-Coevolution/dp/0691166358 Preorder my book Reefer Wellness! ⁠⁠https://www.amazon.com/Reefer-Wellness-Understanding-Cannabis-Medicine/dp/0593847156⁠⁠ ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem ⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Figuring out how THC works in the brain with Dr. Allyn Howlett

1 hr 3 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Allyn Howlett—renowned neuroscientist and pioneer in cannabinoid research—shares her groundbreaking journey into the study of cannabis and the discovery of the CB1 receptor. Originally focused on neuronal hormones, Dr. Howlett recounts how her curiosity led to one of the most pivotal findings in medical cannabis science: the identification of the brain’s first cannabinoid receptor. She dives into the mechanisms of THC, the function of cannabinoid receptors in the brain and body, and the discovery of the endocannabinoid system. The conversation explores the historical development of cannabinoid research, the barriers posed by the pharmaceutical industry, and the evolving relationship between academia and drug development. Dr. Howlett also discusses the future of cannabinoid science—including targeted therapies, pain relief, and the medical potential of cannabis compounds. This episode offers an essential look at the scientific foundation behind cannabis medicine and its impact on legalization, healthcare, and public perception. 🔬 Keywords: CB1 receptor, endocannabinoid system, THC, cannabis research, Dr. Allyn Howlett, cannabinoid receptors, medical cannabis, neuroscience, cannabis and pain relief, cannabis legalization, targeted cannabinoid therapies. Follow Dr.Howlett's research: https://school.wakehealth.edu/faculty/h/allyn-howlett Preorder my book Reefer Wellness! ⁠https://www.amazon.com/Reefer-Wellness-Understanding-Cannabis-Medicine/dp/0593847156⁠ ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem h...

The Science Behind how CBD Works in the Brain with guest Dr. Josh Kaplan

1 hr 9 min

In this conversation, Dr. Riley Kirk and Dr. Josh Kaplan delve into the complexities of cannabis research, particularly focusing on CBD and its therapeutic potential for conditions like epilepsy. Dr. Kaplan shares his journey into cannabis research, highlighting the significance of understanding CBD's mechanisms, the role of GPR55 in seizure management, and the challenges of dosing CBD effectively. They also discuss the entourage effect, the importance of personalized medicine, and the ongoing research into terpenes and their interactions with cannabinoids. The conversation emphasizes the need for further exploration in cannabis research to develop safe and effective therapies, especially for vulnerable populations like children. In this conversation, Josh Kaplan discusses the therapeutic potential of CBD, particularly in relation to traumatic brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. He emphasizes the safety of CBD compared to THC and explores its role in preventative treatments. The conversation also delves into ongoing clinical trials, particularly within the NFL, and the challenges faced in cannabis research, including dosing and the variability of individual responses to cannabinoids. Kaplan highlights the importance of understanding the entourage effect and the need for more personalized approaches in cannabis treatment. More about Dr. Kaplan: Dr. Kaplan is an Associate Professor in the Behavioral Neuroscience Program. His expertise is in neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, and animal behavior techniques, which his lab uses to study the therapeutic benefits and developmental consequences of cannabis in pre-clinical rodent models. His research seeks to optimize cannabinoid and terpene compositions to maximize benefit and minimize adverse consequences.  Dr. Kaplan has a strong passion for teaching and communicating science. His scientific writing specializes in the science of cannabis and its medicinal utility. He was included in High Times' 100 Most Influ...

The Science of the Dry and Cure Process with David Sandelman from Cannatrol

59 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk interviews David Sandelman from Cannatrol, delving into the intricate processes of drying and curing cannabis. David shares his journey into the cannabis industry, emphasizing the importance of controlling environmental conditions to achieve optimal drying and curing results. The conversation explores the science behind water activity, the significance of terpene retention, and the implications of traditional drying methods like the 60-60 method. David highlights the impact of drying rates on the final product and discusses the potential for enzymatic processes to enhance the curing experience. The episode concludes with insights into the variability of different cannabis cultivars and the importance of post-harvest practices in maximizing quality. In this conversation, Riley Kirk and David from Cannatrol delve into the intricacies of drying and curing cannabis, emphasizing the importance of strain specificity and the role of technology in enhancing the quality of cannabis products. They discuss methods for rehydrating overly dry cannabis, adjusting water activity for different products, and effective storage techniques for harvested cannabis. The conversation also touches on the significance of terpenes, the potential for using Cannatrol for other herbs, and the encouragement of experimentation with the technology. David shares insights on achieving consistent drying and curing processes, and the conversation concludes with practical advice for growers. Timestamps  00:00 Introduction to Drying and Curing Cannabis 03:46 The Science Behind Drying and Curing 12:50 Understanding Water Activity in Cannabis 14:43 The Importance of Terpene Retention 21:43 The 60-60 Method: Origins and Implications 26:31 The Rate of Drying and Its Effects 31:05 The Role of Enzymatic Processes in Curing 34:26 Understanding Strain Specificity in Drying and Curing 36:04 Rehydrating Cannabis: Enhancing Quality and Experience 38:41 Adjus...

Homegrow Made Easy with Jordan River from Growcast

1 hr 11 min

In this conversation, Jordan River shares his journey into the cannabis industry, emphasizing the importance of home growing and the concept of Overgrow, which advocates for more individuals to cultivate their own plants. He discusses the therapeutic benefits of cannabis, the connection to nature, and the role of caregivers in supporting patients who cannot grow for themselves.  The conversation highlights the value of homegrown cannabis compared to dispensary products and the need for community support in the cannabis culture. In this conversation, Jordan River and Riley Kirk delve into the complexities of cannabis cultivation, emphasizing the importance of understanding individual patient needs and the unique responses to different cannabis strains. They discuss the intricate chemistry of cannabis, the significance of focus in cultivation, and the accommodations necessary for growers with physical disabilities.  The conversation also highlights community support for disabled growers, the best practices for transplanting and pot sizes, and the differences between soil choices for outdoor and indoor growing. Finally, they demystify the topic of nutrients, addressing common misconceptions and providing clarity for new growers. In this conversation, Jordan River and Riley Kirk delve into the intricacies of cannabis cultivation, discussing the importance of nutrients, the identification of male plants, and the benefits of feminized seeds. They explore the significance of testing cannabis for cannabinoids and terpenes, as well as effective methods for drying and curing cannabis. The episode concludes with insights on joining the grow community and accessing valuable resources for both novice and experienced growers. Keep up with Jordan & Growcast!  Instagram @Growcast Listen to Growcast on all streaming platforms: Apple, Spotify & All Streaming Platforms Become a member of Growcast: Growcast.com/Membership  Free Growing Guide: Growcast.com/Guide  X: @GrowcastPodcast ...

Choosing the Right Cannabis Seeds with Dan Nelson from Happy Valley Genetics

57 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk and Dan Nelson from Happy Valley Genetics discuss the importance of home growing cannabis and the various types of seeds available. They delve into the differences between photoperiod and autoflower seeds, the benefits of feminized seeds, and what beginner growers should consider when selecting seeds.  The conversation also touches on the evolution of cannabis genetics and the significance of disease resistance in cannabis cultivation. In this conversation, Dan Nelson and Riley Kirk delve into the intricacies of cannabis breeding, focusing on the importance of stable genetics, the challenges of ensuring high-quality seeds, and the differences between commercial and home growing. They discuss the significance of THC percentages versus terpene profiles, the impact of consumer education on the market, and practical tips for seed storage. The episode concludes with an exciting seed giveaway from Happy Valley Genetics, encouraging listeners to engage and grow their own cannabis plants. Seed Giveaway Make sure to follow @Happy_Valley_Genetics and @BioactivePodcast on Instagram to be eligible to win some seeds from Happy Valley Genetics OR comment the same thing on the FREE Patreon post. Winners will be notified by next week and the next giveaway will be in two weeks when the next episode of Bioactive drops!  Preorder my book Reefer Wellness! https://www.amazon.com/Reefer-Wellness-Understanding-Cannabis-Medicine/dp/0593847156 ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem h...

Cannabis Medical Cards with Dr. June Chin from Leafwell

58 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk speaks with Dr. June Chin, Chief Medical Officer at Leafwell, about the evolving landscape of medical cannabis.  They discuss the benefits of obtaining a medical card, the differences between medical and recreational cannabis, and the challenges faced by patients, including cost and accessibility. The conversation also delves into the sensitive topic of cannabis use and firearms, recent legal cases impacting this issue, and the importance of research in understanding the benefits of medical cannabis.  Dr. Chin shares insights on the process of obtaining a medical card and the implications for patients traveling with cannabis. In this conversation, Dr. June Chin and Riley Kirk discuss various aspects of medical cannabis, including legal considerations, impairment testing, education for medical professionals, the impact of federal prohibition, and personalized treatment plans.  They emphasize the importance of understanding cannabis strains, integrating cannabis with other medications, and clarifying regulations surrounding medical cards, particularly in Texas. The discussion highlights the need for education and awareness in the cannabis community. ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ Keep up with Dr.June Chin and Leafwell: Follow Leafwell on Social media @leafwell_official  Follow Dr. June on IG at @DrJuneChin Head to Leafwell.com to learn more and check regulations in your state.  Head to my link on Leafwell for a disc...

How to Evaluate Quality Cannabis With Certified Ganjier Elizabeth Sage

1 hr 2 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, host Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Elizabeth Sage who is a certified Ganjier- which is essentially the weed equivalent to a sommelier in the wine world. In this conversation, Riley and Elizabeth delve into the intricate process of evaluating cannabis, discussing various aspects such as appearance, grinding techniques, flavor profiles, and the importance of set and setting in consumption. They share personal experiences with different strains and emphasize the significance of quality in cannabis products. The discussion also touches on the role of joint construction and the impact of paper types on the smoking experience, culminating in a reflection on their favorite cannabis experiences. In this conversation, Elizabeth Sage and Riley Kirk explore various aspects of cannabis, including best practices for storage, the evaluation of concentrates and edibles, the emerging market for cannabis beverages, pathways to becoming a Ganjier, and the importance of intentional consumption. They discuss the nuances of cannabis quality, the evolving landscape of cannabis products, and the significance of community and education in navigating the cannabis space. ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ Keep up with Elizabeth Sage: Visit Elizabeth's Website to learn more at: https://www.elizabethsageadvice.com/ Or follow her on Instagram @TheSageGanjier Or on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/elizabeth-sage-416875211/ Thanks for listening & M...

Unlocking the Secrets of Hop Latent Viroid in Cannabis: Dr. Ali Bektaş

1 hr 5 min

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, host Dr. Riley Kirk dives deep into groundbreaking cannabis science with world-renowned molecular biologist Dr. Ali Bektaş. Dr. Bektaş has an impressive background in plant biology, microbes, and agriculture, specializing in affordable and distributed systems for detecting nucleic acids in agricultural environments. He has worked extensively with cannabis nurseries and biotech companies as a consultant, staff scientist, and Chief Science Officer. Notably, Dr. Bektaş was one of the first scientists to publicly identify Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) in cannabis populations, a discovery that reshaped the industry's approach to disease management. What is Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd)? HLVd is a serious plant disease that infects cannabis, hop plants, and other medicinal plants like stinging nettle. Infected cannabis plants can suffer a significant reduction in cannabinoids and terpenes, drastically lowering both their monetary and medicinal value. Dr. Kirk and Dr. Bektaş explore the origins of HLVd, how it spreads, what to look for in affected plants, prevention strategies, and how innovative genetics are helping cannabis plants overcome this disease. 🎙️ Key Topics Discussed: Why Hop Latent Viroid is a game-changer in the cannabis industry The science behind its spread and early warning signs Effective prevention and management strategies The role of genetics in combating HLVd ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ Read Dr. Bektaş recent piece in Cannabis Business Times  ht...

Suppositories with Nurse Megan Mbengue

50 min

On this episode of Bioactive, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Megan Mbengue, RN, MS. Megan is the owner of the cannabis company The Trusted Cannabis Nurse. She formulates custom products for patient specific needs as well as selling whole plant formulations through her website.  The conversation discusses a recent study that Megan completed implementing the use of suppositories for pain relief during menstrual periods. Megan shares her study on the effectiveness of suppositories for period pain. The study involved 103 participants who completed two menstrual cycles, one without suppositories and one with suppositories. The results showed a significant decrease in pain scores, with an average drop of 55%. The suppositories were found to be most effective on days one and two of the menstrual cycle. Most participants used the suppositories during the day, and some also used them at night. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of suppositories as a natural and effective option for managing period pain. The conversation covers the effectiveness of suppositories in reducing pain and improving quality of life. The data from the study shows that 94% of participants reported a reduction in pain and 85% reported an improvement in quality of life. Suppositories were found to be effective in relieving period cramps, nausea, headaches, migraines, and improving focus. The duration of the effects varied, with most participants reporting relief for 3-4 hours. The conversation also touches on the accessibility and legality issues surrounding suppositories and the need for more research on their use in conditions like cancer and pelvic pain. Nothing in this podcast is ever medical advice. Buy Megan’s products or learn more: https://www.trustedcannanurse.com/ Patreon members will have access to the entire study PDF including all figures and additional data. Join the patreon for as little as $1/month Patreon.com/Cannabichem  Read about cannabis and orgasms: https://pmc.ncbi....

Top Cannabis Research From 2024 & What's New for Bioactive in 2025!

26 min

🌱 In this episode of Bioactive, host Dr. Riley Kirk dives into her favorite cannabis research publications from 2024, sharing groundbreaking insights that advanced our understanding of this incredible plant. 📖 Exciting News! Dr. Kirk's upcoming book, Reefer Wellness: Understanding Cannabis as Medicine, is AVAILABLE FOR PRE-ORDER now! 👉 Order Here ✨ In this episode: Highlights of key cannabis research papers from 2024. Sneak peek at upcoming Bioactive Season 2025 guests. New Year's cannabis resolutions for 2025. Insight into Reefer Wellness, a must-read for anyone passionate about cannabis medicine. 📚 Read the research papers mentioned in the episode: Cannabis Study in PMC Advancements in ScienceDirect Research in PubMed ACS Journal Natural Products Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Smuggling in the 80's: Tales and Tribulations with Ken Behr

1 hr 12 min

In this engaging conversation, Ken Behr shares his remarkable journey from a dyslexic child who struggled in school to a successful writer and former drug smuggler. He discusses the challenges he faced growing up, the influence of his family, and the cultural shifts he experienced moving to Florida during the rise of drug culture in the 1970s. Ken recounts his early experiences with cannabis, the transition to smuggling, and some of the wild stories from his past, including a dramatic plane smuggling incident that highlights the risks and adventures of that lifestyle. In this segment, Ken Behr shares his experiences in the world of drug smuggling, detailing the techniques and precautions taken during operations. He recounts high-stakes smuggling trips, the risks involved, and the consequences of getting caught, including a harrowing jail experience. The conversation shifts to the legal system, the role of lawyers, and the empathy he feels for those caught in the criminal justice system. Finally, Ken discusses his transition from smuggler to collaborator with the DEA, reflecting on the complexities of crime and punishment. In this conversation, Ken Behr shares his journey from being a drug smuggler to working with the DEA, highlighting the struggles he faced, the complexities of the justice system, and the evolution of cannabis understanding. He reflects on the modern cannabis industry, expressing his excitement about the changes and the importance of access to cannabis for all. The discussion also touches on the need for rehabilitation in the justice system and the impact of cannabis on society. Donate to Freedom Grow https://freedomgrow.org/ Purchase or listen to One Step Over the Line https://onestepovertheline.com/ Join the Bioactive Patreon:  Patreon.com/Cannabichem  Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ Learn more about your ad...

Lit and Legit: Breaking the Stigma Surrounding Women in Media and Cannabis Use

54 min

Host Riley Kirk interviews Sarah Burke, the founder of Women in Media Network and her new producer!  They explore the intersection of cannabis, science, media, and the evolving perception of cannabis in society, especially as it pertains to women. They question some of the advertising challenges that the cannabis industry and content creators within it face, while looking at accepted habits and attitudes towards alcohol. They talk about content creation in the cannabis industry and its inevitable difficulties with censorship. Dr. Kirk emphasizes the medicinal benefits of cannabis and the importance of community knowledge and research in truly understanding its effects. Find out more about Sarah Burke and the Women in Media Network: https://www.womeninmedia.network/ https://www.instagram.com/burketalks/ https://www.instagram.com/wimnetwork/  Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Our first New York Cannabis Event in Syracuse, NY #NAPTIME with Dr. Miyabe Shields

1 hr 12 min

Dr. Miyabe Shields and Dr. Riley Kirk: Leaders in Cannabis and Natural Products Research Dr. Miyabe Shields and Dr. Riley Kirk, co-founders of the nonprofit organization The Network of Applied Pharmacognosy (NAP), are at the forefront of research and education in cannabis science and natural products. Through their work, NAP conducts national and international studies exploring diverse topics such as cannabis consumption patterns, consumer trends, emerging products, vape and lab testing, and data-driven insights into the natural products industry. Tune in as they share cutting-edge science, discuss critical challenges in the industry like solvent contamination and testing inconsistencies, and recount their experiences at global events like MJBizCon in Las Vegas. Learn how they tackle conference chaos, network with industry leaders, and navigate the ever-changing landscape of cannabis and natural product research. Get Involved with NAP's Research and Community Initiatives: Join the Kava/Kratom Study: Sign up here Learn more about Kava and Kratom or subscribe to NAP’s newsletter: Read the blog Participate in our Flower Mill Giveaway: Head to @BioactivePodcast on Instagram and comment something that rhymes with "MILL" on the post featuring the Flower Mill (live on 11/16/24). Stay informed, get involved, and discover the intersection of science, industry, and community with Dr. Shields, Dr. Kirk, and NAP. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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