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American Academy of Ophthalmology

Experts InSight

A Medicine and Health & Fitness podcast

#23 in Medicine · 🇵🇰 #114 in Medicine · 🇺🇸
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About the show

Practical, topical conversations with experts across the spectrum of ophthalmology. Subscribe for the latest information, evidence-based practice standards, and innovations in eye care, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Newest episodes

Medical Misinformation and Glaucoma

38 min

Now more than ever, patients and the lay public educate themselves about medical diagnoses and treatments through online resources. But high view counts and production quality don't equate to medical accuracy. In today's episode, host Dr. Andrew Pouw welcomes glaucoma specialist Dr. Soshian Sarrafpour to discuss the alarming rise of dangerous medical misinformation targeting patients on social media and through AI. Because glaucoma is characterized by chronic uncertainty and fear, patients are particularly vulnerable to misleading claims and algorithmic search biases. Dr. Sarrafpour stresses that ophthalmologists must avoid being patently dismissive of information patients may bring to their visits. Instead, validate their concerns with empathy to maintain trust and steer them toward credible medical information and treatment. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Retina Clinical Trial Update 2026

46 min

Retina is producing Phase 3 results faster than ever, but FDA approval doesn't necessarily convey how a drug will fit into practice. Dr. Ehsan Rahimy joins host Dr. Jay Sridhar to unpack recent and somewhat puzzling trial results involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors, IL-6 inhibition, and the Wnt signaling pathway. They then confront the harder problem: When every trial uses a different population, comparator, and dosing scheme—and none tests against today's second-generation anti-VEGF agents—real-world practice is often shaped by anecdote rather than evidence. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

AI in the Clinic: Where We Are and Where We're Heading

43 min

Artificial intelligence is rapidly recasting how we interact with our world and our patients. In today's epside, host Dr. Amanda Redfern welcomes Dr. Chris Kelly, Chief Health Information Officer at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), to provide an inside look at tools available in the clinic today, what's on the horizon, and why he's bullish about the future of health care in the AI era. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

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All episodes

Medical Misinformation and Glaucoma

38 min

Now more than ever, patients and the lay public educate themselves about medical diagnoses and treatments through online resources. But high view counts and production quality don't equate to medical accuracy. In today's episode, host Dr. Andrew Pouw welcomes glaucoma specialist Dr. Soshian Sarrafpour to discuss the alarming rise of dangerous medical misinformation targeting patients on social media and through AI. Because glaucoma is characterized by chronic uncertainty and fear, patients are particularly vulnerable to misleading claims and algorithmic search biases. Dr. Sarrafpour stresses that ophthalmologists must avoid being patently dismissive of information patients may bring to their visits. Instead, validate their concerns with empathy to maintain trust and steer them toward credible medical information and treatment. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Retina Clinical Trial Update 2026

46 min

Retina is producing Phase 3 results faster than ever, but FDA approval doesn't necessarily convey how a drug will fit into practice. Dr. Ehsan Rahimy joins host Dr. Jay Sridhar to unpack recent and somewhat puzzling trial results involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors, IL-6 inhibition, and the Wnt signaling pathway. They then confront the harder problem: When every trial uses a different population, comparator, and dosing scheme—and none tests against today's second-generation anti-VEGF agents—real-world practice is often shaped by anecdote rather than evidence. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

AI in the Clinic: Where We Are and Where We're Heading

43 min

Artificial intelligence is rapidly recasting how we interact with our world and our patients. In today's epside, host Dr. Amanda Redfern welcomes Dr. Chris Kelly, Chief Health Information Officer at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), to provide an inside look at tools available in the clinic today, what's on the horizon, and why he's bullish about the future of health care in the AI era. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Maternity and Ophthalmology: Practicing While Pregnant

45 min

What's a mom-to-be to do if she's also an ophthalmologist? In part 2 of this two-part series, host Dr. Ben Young invites Dr. Fei Cai, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist and obstetrician, to review the essentials of pre- and postnatal care, what to be mindful of if practicing while pregnant, and how your residency or fellowship training program can be expected to support you.  For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Maternity and Ophthalmology: The Challenge of Surgery

36 min

Can becoming a mother be compatible with being an ophthalmic surgeon? In part one of this two-part series, Host Dr. Ben Young invites Dr. Jaya Kumar to discuss the challenging fertility and maternal health outcomes for female surgeons, her tips for how she practiced while pregnant and then returned successfully to work, and how physicians can support one another in the operating room. Referenced during the episode: MotherToBaby Dr. MILK (Mothers Interested in Lactation Knowledge) Pregnancy Discrimination and Pregnancy-Related Disability Discrimination (US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) ACGME Common Program Requirements Tools for Responding to Patient-Initiated Verbal Sexual Harassment (Eyerounds.org) For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

We Know It When We See It: Defining Glaucoma

40 min

For hundreds of years, ophthalmologists have known what glaucoma is—and yet, we still can't agree on its diagnostic criteria. In today's episode, Drs. Benjamin Xu and Sophia Wang join host Dr. Andrew Pouw to talk about the latest efforts to define glaucoma and the implications for both research and clinical decision-making. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Another Consecutive Year of Medicare Cuts

42 min

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has announced more concerning proposals that will affect access to care and reimbursement. Host Dr. Andrew Pouw reconvenes last year's guests from the Academy's DC office—Dr. John McAllister, Brandy Keys, and Rebecca Hyder—to unpack the proposed 2027 Physician Fee Schedule and explain how the changes will disproportionately burden surgical specialties. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

How the NEI Was Saved

25 min

In today's episode, host Dr. Ben Young is joined by Dr. Stephen McLeod, Academy CEO, and Rebecca Hyder, Vice President of Governmental Affairs. The panel discusses why we have a National Eye Institute (NEI), how it was successfully preserved as an independent, stand-alone entity within the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and what threats to the institute remain on the horizon. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

A Paradigm Shift in the Clinical Course of TED

25 min

In today's episode, host Dr. Amanda Redfern welcomes Dr. Madhura Tamhankar to discuss a new study using IRIS Registry and Komodo Health claims data that upends Rundle's 1940s biphasic model of thyroid eye disease (TED). Drawing on more than 34,000 patients with 5-year median follow-up, Dr. Tamhankar's study found that even among patients with initially mild disease, 1 in 3 progress within 5 years, with rates climbing from 12% at year 1 to 38% by year 8. Dr. Tamhankar reviews the study's methodology and its implications for patient care, including surgical timing, informed consent, and specialist referral. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

The American Board of Ophthalmology: New Leadership and a Look Ahead

41 min

Host Dr. Jay Sridhar welcomes Dr. Steven Gedde, the incoming CEO of the American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO), to discuss his outlook on medical education and the evolving board certification process. As medical knowledge now doubles approximately every 60 days, Dr. Gedde envisions the ABO shifting its focus from testing facts to assessing skills like communication, professionalism, and the use of technology. Although current surgical assessments focus on knowledge and decision-making, future evaluations may leverage AI and virtual reality to test technical competence.  For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.  

Examining Reapplication to the Ophthalmology Residency Match

36 min

Host Dr. Jay Sridhar welcomes ophthalmology program directors Drs. Chris Alabiad and Alice Zhang to discuss the ophthalmology residency match, the rising pool of reapplicants to the field, and how to mentor and advise students pursuing reapplication. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusions Revisited: Thoughts on TenCRAOS

14 min

Do the benefits really outweigh the risks when it comes to the use of thrombolytic drugs for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)? Drs. Amanda Henderson and Michael Carper weigh in on the recently published Tenecteplase in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Study (TenCRAOS) and how ophthalmologists should proceed in their management of CRAO with tenecteplase (TNK) or another tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Challenges in DME: the Evolution of Fluid Management

30 min

With an abundance of therapeutic options for managing diabetic macular edema (DME), what patient characteristics inform your treatment decisions? Does the number of loading doses influence long-term macular fluid outcomes? How are you managing insurance-mandated step-therapy in your patients? In today's episode, host Dr. Jay Sridhar invites Drs. Durga Borkar and Carl Danzig to share how they've integrated new anti-VEGF therapies into clinical practice. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Of MIPS and Medicine: The Game of Cost Control and Reimbursements

42 min

Is the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) fulfilling its intended purpose, or is it just causing headaches? Dr. George Williams and Joe Reyes join host Dr. Andrew Pouw to share their expertise and experience with MIPS, including its evolution from prior medical cost control policies and how ophthalmologists can use the IRIS Registry to meet reporting requirements.  For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts

Improving the Scientific Peer Review Process

32 min

Drs. Durga Borkar and Katherine Talcott join host Dr. Jay Sridhar to brainstorm ideas for how to maintain and improve the current scientific peer review process in ophthalmology. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts

Interferon Alpha for Cystoid Macular Edema

24 min

Drs. Eric Suhler and Nick Butler join host Dr. Ben Young to discuss an old treatment for cystoid macular edema (CME) that may be new to many of us: interferon alpha. They review its use, side effects, and success thus far. Relevant papers discussed in this episode: Treatment of refractory cystoid macular edema with pegylated interferon alfa-2A: a retrospective chart review Interferon alpha 2b in the treatment of uveitic cystoid macular edema For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts

Epiphora from Infancy to Adulthood

37 min

Dr. Scott Goldstein joins host Dr. Amanda Redfern to share his approach to managing nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in kids and his 3-step test for evaluating epiphora in adults, including how to identify complicating factors that may warrant surgical or procedural intervention. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Advocating for Advocacy

35 min

In today's episode, host Dr. Ben Young welcomes 3 core members of the Academy's Advocacy team: Dr. John McAllister, Secretary for Federal Affairs; Dr. John Peters, Secretary for State Affairs; and Rebecca Hyder, Vice President of Government Affairs. The panel discusses why routine patient care and advocacy go hand in hand, and how ophthalmologists can be better advocates for our patients at the clinic, local, state, and federal level. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Nicotinamide Neuroprotection for Glaucoma

39 min

Host Dr. Andrew Pouw welcomes Drs. Gustavo De Moraes, Aakriti Shukla, and Simon John to discuss their team's work spanning the full arc of nicotinamide as a neuroprotection candidate for glaucoma, from bench to clinical trials. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

The Hospital-Based Ophthalmologist and Focused Practice Designation

33 min

Host Dr. Jay Sridhar welcomes Dr. Sarwar Zahid to unpack a recent American Journal of Ophthalmology perspective essay on the growing segment of hospital-employed ophthalmologists. They examine the appeal of the hospitalist model—shift-based work, reduced administrative burden, and work-life balance—alongside potential drawbacks, including income ceilings, RVU pressure, and burnout. The conversation broadens to declining physician ownership, the challenges of hospital call coverage, and the downstream threat to residency training. The episode finally shifts to whether a focused practice designation (FPD) could help define subspecialty expertise, improve patient care, and give ophthalmologists a stronger seat at the bargaining table. Discussed in this episode: Thomson M, Browning DJ. The Hospital Employed Ophthalmologist: A Growing Segment of the Profession. Am J Ophthalmol. 2026 Jan 18;284:208-215. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Practicing Glaucoma in a Private Setting

45 min

Host Dr. Andrew Pouw welcomes glaucoma specialists Drs. Karam Alawa and Pujan Dave to discuss the sometimes bumpy transition from academia to private practice. The guests highlight clinical operations hurdles, such as navigating clunky EMR systems and prior authorizations, and managing finite staff and resources. Despite administrative hurdles, they emphasize the need for committed "chair time" to counsel patients and alleviate anxiety regarding disease progression. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Pearls for Resident Cataract Staffing

37 min

Host Dr. Jay Sridhar is joined by Drs. Naomi Gutkind and Ekjyot (Joey) Gill to discuss staffing ophthalmology residents in surgical training. The early-career faculty share insights on tailoring instruction to resident skill level, delivering feedback at the right moment, and handling complications with empathy.  For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Challenges in Managing Retinal Vein Occlusion

30 min

Host Dr. Jay Sridhar welcomes Drs. Michael Ip and Sophie Bakri to discuss the challenges in caring for patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The panel reviews the current approach to treatment using anti-VEGF agents and factors that may suggest a need for more intensive, long-term treatment. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

How Screen Time Affects Children's Vision Health

33 min

Drs. Roni Levin and Laura Enyedi join host Dr. Ben Young to review what we know about screen time for kids and its impact on visual development and general health.  Today's episode draws largely from the EyeNet article, "Screen Time and Kids' Eye Health," which appeared in the December 2025 issue. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Good Days Chronic Disease Fund Updates

20 min

Drs. Priya Vakharia and Sarwar Zahid join host Dr. Jay Sridhar to discuss the history, major recent changes, and future of the Good Days Chronic Disease Fund as it pertains to medical management of patients with retinal disease. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Uncovering the Patient Experience of Thyroid Eye Disease

25 min

Although severe thyroid eye disease (TED) is easily recognizable, mild TED may go undiagnosed for months if not longer. In today's episode, Dr. Vivek Patel joins host Dr. Amanda Redfern to share how he uncovers subtle signs and symptoms of TED that can lead to a quicker diagnosis and the treatments that make a meaningful impact on quality of life. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

CMS Cuts Rock Ophthalmology: Act Now!

14 min

The unprecedented payment cuts that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) proposed over the summer were finalized on October 31. The disastrous impact on cataract surgery reimbursements alone will amount to an 11% reduction in payment. In today's emergency episode, host Dr. Andrew Pouw welcomes back three guests to rally ophthalmologists to take action: Dr. John McAllister, the Academy's Secretary for Federal Affairs; Brandy Keys, the Academy's Director of Health Policy; and Rebecca Hyder, the Academy's Vice President of Government Affairs.  Physicians shouldn't have to choose between staying open and serving their Medicare patients. Congress needs to hear directly from ophthalmologists like you before these cuts are enacted. Please, make your voice heard. Use this easy form to reach Congress. Essential Academy Resources: Contact Congress Now: www.aao.org/act-now Summary of CMS Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Past podcast episode: CMS Cuts Rock Ophthalmology For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

A Roadmap to Improving Emergency Treatment of Ocular Trauma

48 min

In this call to action, Drs. Robert Mazzoli, Stuart Seiff, and Jon Perlstein share the scope of issues surrounding ophthalmic trauma care in the United States and a roadmap for improving it, including how we can translate experiences from the military into our own set of Damage Control Ophthalmology (DCO) guidelines. Referenced article: A Call to Action and Roadmap for Improving Emergency Treatment of Ophthalmic Trauma in the United States For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Pediatric Cataract Surgery

1 hr 1 min

Drs. Michelle Cabrera and Alejandra de Alba join host Dr. Ben Young to discuss the finer points of what makes pediatric cataract surgery so challenging—because it's not "just" scaled-down adult cataract surgery. Referenced article: Management of Infantile and Childhood Retinopathies: Optimized Pediatric Pars Plana Vitrectomy Sclerotomy Nomogram For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

When We Err: The Ethics of and Approaches to Medical Disclosure

53 min

Dr. Thomas Gallagher joins host Dr. Amanda Redfern to share how to ethically and effectively disclose medical errors to patients. During the past 20 years, Dr. Gallagher's research has explored the intersection of healthcare quality, accountability, and communication. He has led a variety projects focused on the optimal response to adverse events and errors in healthcare, and developing systematic programs for preventing and responding to such events. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Micropulse Laser Therapy for Glaucoma

59 min

Drs. Marc Toeteberg-Harms and Soshian Sarrafpour join host Dr. Andrew Pouw to discuss micropulse transscleral laser therapy for glaucoma, a less invasive procedure compared with traditional continuous-wave cyclophotocoagulation. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Is this GCA? What to Look for on Temporal Artery Biopsies

30 min

Host Dr. Amanda Redfern welcomes Dr. Claudia Prospero Ponce, a neuro-ophthalmologist and ocular pathologist, to share her unique perspective on how to diagnose giant cell arteritis (GCA) when temporal artery biopsies are not classically positive.  For more information about pathological markers in GCA, check out this paper referenced in the episode: Sultan H, Smith SV, Lee AG, Chévez-Barrios P. Pathologic Markers Determining Prognosis in Patients With Treated or Healing Giant Cell Arteritis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;193:45-53. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Impact of the Big Beautiful Bill on Physicians

44 min

Dr. Nisha Mehta, founder of Physician Side Gigs, and Dr. Jim Dahle, founder of The White Coat Investor, join host Dr. Jay Sridhar to discuss the One Big Beautiful Bill Act and its implications for physicians and ophthalmologists in particular. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

CMS Cuts Rock Ophthalmology and Medicine

43 min

In July, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) proposed catastrophic changes to Medicare reimbursement systems that, if finalized, will significantly affect ophthalmology and all specialty care. The impact on cataract surgery reimbursements alone would amount to an 11% reduction in payment. In today's episode, host Dr. Andrew Pouw welcomes three guests to discuss these highly complex and concerning cuts: Dr. John McAllister, the Academy's Secretary for Federal Affairs; Brandy Keys, the Academy's Director of Health Policy; and Rebecca Hyder, the Academy's Vice President of Government Affairs. Listen, share, and advocate to help us prevent these changes. Related Academy Resources: Summary of CMS Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Impact of the Efficiency Adjustment Impact to Indirect Practice Expense (PE) For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

A Journey Through Vision Loss

57 min

Drs. Prithvi Sankar and Sriram Balasubramanian discuss a personal journey through vision loss, from both the ophthalmologist and patient perspective. Host Dr. Ben Young invites these two friends to share their lessons of grief, denial, and ultimate acceptance of a difficult diagnosis—in this case, retinitis pigmentosa—and what physicians can do to help their patients through these life-changing events. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Updates on Optic Disc Drusen

21 min

Dr. Bradley Katz joins host Dr. Amanda Redfern to share updates on the diagnostic imaging of optic disc drusen and current research efforts from the Optic Disc Drusen Consortium, an international alliance of researchers focused on optic nerve disorders. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Private Equity Acquisition and Access to Retinal Detachment Surgery

29 min

Drs. Durga Borkar and Yashaswini Singh join host Dr. Jay Sridhar to discuss their recent publication regarding private equity (PE) acquisition and access to retinal detachment surgery. According to the study, physicians in PE-acquired practices decreased their number of retinal detachment repairs by nearly 20% after acquisition, potentially negatively impacting access to care and patient outcomes. Discussed in today's podcast: Singh Y, Cardenas GB, Torabzadeh H, Whaley CM, Borkar D. Private Equity-Owned Physician Practices Decreased Access To Retinal Detachment Surgery, 2014-22. Health Affairs. 2025 May;44(5):589-596. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Intraocular Pressure Variance

40 min

Drs. Elyse McGlumphy and Soshian Sarrafpour join host Dr. Andrew Pouw to talk about the range of and reasons for intraocular pressure (IOP) variance, as well as the studies debating its significance for glaucoma. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Updates in Amblyopia Treatment

1 hr 0 min

Host Dr. Ben Young invites Drs. Roni Levin and Evan Silverstein to review the current state of amblyopia treatment, ranging from the mainstays of patching and atropine drops to novel advances such as dichoptic therapy. Below are some references regarding dichoptic therapy that were discussed in this episode: Xiao S, Angjeli E, Wu HC, Gaier ED, et al. Luminopia Pivotal Trial Group. Randomized controlled trial of a dichoptic digital therapeutic for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2022 Jan;129(1):77-85. Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Kushner BJ, Moshkovitz A, Belkin M, Yehezkel O. CureSight Pivotal Trial Group. An eye-tracking-based dichoptic home treatment for amblyopia: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):274-285. Koc I, Bagheri S, Chau RK, Hoyek S, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of digital therapeutics for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2025 Jun;132(6):654-660. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Artificial Intelligence Applications for Patients and Physicians

30 min

Drs. John Kitchens and Andy Schimel join host Dr. Jay Sridhar to discuss current and emerging applications for artificial intelligence (AI) relevant to both patients and physicians. The sweeping conversation covers resources for low-vision patients, as well as how large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Gemini can improve efficiency, creativity, and accuracy in a variety of clinical, professional, and other settings.  For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Intraocular Inflammation Following Intravitreal Injections

46 min

Drs. Chris Conrady and Akbar Shakoor join host Dr. Ben Young to teach us about why intraocular inflammation (IOI) sometimes occurs after intravitreal injections, how to differentiate these cases from endophthalmitis, and how to manage this potentially blinding condition. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Health Policy and Medicaid Funding

38 min

Advocacy and policy leaders Dr. Michael Repka and Rebecca Hyder join host Dr. Andrew Pouw to share their experiences and perspectives about the Academy's work engaging with policy stakeholders. The conversation reviews recent government healthcare funding debates that may affect Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Updates in the Treatment of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)

36 min

In today's episode, host Dr. Amanda Redfern invites Dr. Nancy Newman to share updates in the treatment of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), covering several clinical trials underway that involve idebenone and gene therapy.  For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Management, and Study of Autoimmune Retinopathy

27 min

In today's episode, host Dr. Jay Sridhar is joined by Dr. Bobeck Modjtahedi to discuss the American Academy of Ophthalmology's new guidelines on autoimmune retinopathy (AIR), recently published in Ophthalmology Retina. A member of the Academy's task force on AIR and lead author, Dr. Modjtahedi discusses a new diagnostic framework for categorizing AIR as probable, possible, or unlikely based on specific clinical criteria. The guidelines address the challenges in diagnosing this rare condition that mimics inherited retinal diseases, and outline a standardized approach to classification for both clinical practice and research. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Interventional Valve-Enhancing Trabeculotomy (iVEnT)

51 min

Drs. Davinder Grover and Ronald Fellman join host Dr. Andrew Pouw to discuss their latest innovative surgical advancement: interventional valve-enhancing trabeculotomy (iVEnT), an angle-based minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedure. Compared with a traditional goniotomy, this alternative approach may be less invasive, sparing tissue and offering faster visual recovery for glaucoma patients. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Eye Care for Patients With Intellectual Disability

53 min

Dr. Michael Puente joins host Dr. Ben Young to share his experience founding the first eye clinic specifically for adult and pediatric patients with intellectual developmental delay. Dr. Puente provides practical tips for all ophthalmologists to improve their care for this vulnerable population. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Dilute Hypochlorous Acid for the Treatment of Periorbital Necrotizing Fasciitis

24 min

Drs. Louise Mawn and Jonathan Siktberg sit down with host Dr. Amanda Redfern to share their work on a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the treatment of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis with dilute hypochlorous acid. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

2025 Retina Update, Part 1: Injectables in the Medical Retina Space

43 min

Drs. Ashkan Abbey and Ehsan Rahimy join host Dr. Jay Sridhar to discuss recent developments in the medical retina and injectable space, including faricimab versus high-dose aflibercept, biosimilars for ranibizumab and aflibercept, off-label bevacaziumb shortages, dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) therapies, private equity acquisitions, and the new drug pipeline. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

Botulinum Toxin in Strabismus

48 min

Pediatric ophthalmologists Drs. Michelle Cabrera and Alejandra de Alba join host Dr. Ben Young to discuss the pros and cons of using botulinum toxin (Botox) for treating patients with strabismus, and whether every pediatric ophthalmologist—or even general ophthalmologist—should have this technique in their toolbox. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.

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