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Stand to Reason

#STRask

A Christianity and Religion & Spirituality podcast

#124 in Christianity · 🇸🇬
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About the show

Stand to Reason’s Greg Koukl and Amy Hall answer questions on ethics, theology, apologetics, and culture from a Christian perspective. Submit your questions on Twitter using the hashtag #STRask.

Newest episodes

Where Does Anyone in Scripture Teach That Adam and Eve Sinned in Eating the Fruit?

24 min

Questions about where someone in Scripture teaches that Adam and Eve sinned in eating the fruit, why it’s so important for Catholics to categorize sin types, and whether Protestants could benefit from that practice.   Can you show where anyone in Scripture teaches that Adam and Eve sinned in eating the fruit? Why is it so important for Catholics to categorize sin types, and could Protestants benefit from this practice?

Can a Person Be Truly Repentant While Simultaneously Having No Hope They Won’t Commit That Sin Again?

23 min

Questions about whether a person can be truly repentant while simultaneously having no hope they won’t commit that sin again, how we can “let the Lord work in us” and know he’s truly Lord in our lives despite our continuing sin, and whether mixed motives make otherwise good actions sinful.   Can a person engage in genuine repentance while simultaneously having zero confidence that it will be the last time they commit that sin? How can we know if Jesus is truly Lord in our lives? Aren’t we always falling short of God’s standard? I’m trying not to “try” and to “let the Lord work in me,” but how does one even do that? I seem to always find some kind of non-virtuous reason for why I’m doing anything, including reading the Bible and going to church. If whatever is not from faith is sin, can mixed motives make otherwise good actions sinful?

Is Christianity an Organized Religion to Control the Masses?

23 min

Questions about what to ask someone who claims Christianity is an organized religion to control the masses, and why God didn’t tell us about quantum mechanics.   What question would you ask someone who claims Christianity is an organized religion to control the masses? Why did scientists tell us about quantum mechanics, not God or you?

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The newest 50 of 103 episodes

Where Does Anyone in Scripture Teach That Adam and Eve Sinned in Eating the Fruit?

24 min

Questions about where someone in Scripture teaches that Adam and Eve sinned in eating the fruit, why it’s so important for Catholics to categorize sin types, and whether Protestants could benefit from that practice.   Can you show where anyone in Scripture teaches that Adam and Eve sinned in eating the fruit? Why is it so important for Catholics to categorize sin types, and could Protestants benefit from this practice?

Can a Person Be Truly Repentant While Simultaneously Having No Hope They Won’t Commit That Sin Again?

23 min

Questions about whether a person can be truly repentant while simultaneously having no hope they won’t commit that sin again, how we can “let the Lord work in us” and know he’s truly Lord in our lives despite our continuing sin, and whether mixed motives make otherwise good actions sinful.   Can a person engage in genuine repentance while simultaneously having zero confidence that it will be the last time they commit that sin? How can we know if Jesus is truly Lord in our lives? Aren’t we always falling short of God’s standard? I’m trying not to “try” and to “let the Lord work in me,” but how does one even do that? I seem to always find some kind of non-virtuous reason for why I’m doing anything, including reading the Bible and going to church. If whatever is not from faith is sin, can mixed motives make otherwise good actions sinful?

Is Christianity an Organized Religion to Control the Masses?

23 min

Questions about what to ask someone who claims Christianity is an organized religion to control the masses, and why God didn’t tell us about quantum mechanics.   What question would you ask someone who claims Christianity is an organized religion to control the masses? Why did scientists tell us about quantum mechanics, not God or you?

Is Apologetics Necessary, or Is It Just for People Who Enjoy Arguing for Sport?

27 min

Questions about why we discuss evidence for God—who requires it and whether it’s necessary—and whether or not it’s inappropriate to use apologetic methods such as classical apologetics that argue for less than a triune God.   Why do we discuss evidence for God? Who requires it, and why must we provide it? Is this necessary, or is apologetics a wing of the faith that enjoys arguing for sport? Since the only true God is triune and there is no salvation with general theism, is it inappropriate to use apologetic methods such as classical apologetics that argue for less than a triune God?

What Work Has to Be Done to Write a Book, an Article, or an In-Person Talk?

25 min

Question about the behind-the-scenes work that has to be done to write a book, an article, or an in-person talk.   Would Greg mind pulling back the curtain a bit and talking about all the behind-the-scenes work that has to be done to write a book, an article, or an in-person talk?

Why Would God Give Us an Unclear Book That Condones Awful Practices?

25 min

Questions about why God would give us an unclear book that condones awful practices, and how we can know that commands for the Israelites to kill all the inhabitants of a city were truly commands from God rather than from men who falsely attributed their own commands to God.   If Christianity is true, why would God deliver it to us in a book left up to so many interpretations and that condones so many awful practices? How can we know that commands for the Israelites to kill all the inhabitants of a city, including women and children, were truly commands from God rather than from men falsely attributing their own commands to God?

What Do You Say to Those Who Refuse to Engage with a “Script”?

24 min

Questions about what to say to those who refuse to engage with a “script” and questions to ask someone who doesn’t care about spiritual things to get them to care about eternity now.   What do you say to those who refuse to engage with a “script”? What questions or info can you give someone who doesn’t care about spiritual things to get them to care about eternity now?

Aren’t God’s Moral Laws Merely Subjective If He Can Command Us to Break Them?

24 min

Questions about whether God’s moral laws are merely subjective if he can command us to break them, and whether contrasting the Torah with barbaric Near Eastern laws to show moral improvement proves anything since you can’t justify bad laws by comparing them to worse ones.   Are God’s moral laws objective, or can they be broken if God commands us to break them? Aren’t his laws merely subjective if we can go against them when he sees fit? In Is God a Moral Monster, Paul Copan often contrasts the Torah with barbaric Near Eastern laws to show moral improvement, but if I kill an adult and justify it because others kill children, aren’t I still a monster?

Why Did God Go Ahead with Creation If He Knew About All the Suffering That Was Going to Happen?

36 min

Questions about why God went ahead with creation if he knew about all the suffering that was going to happen, why Christians say God is responsible for all the good that happens but not the bad, and whether there’s a more satisfying answer to the problem of evil.   How should I respond to a Buddhist who asks why God went ahead with creation if he knew about all the suffering that was going to happen? Why do Christians say everything good that happens is from God but he’s not responsible for the bad things? According to the Bible, didn’t God create all things? Why is the problem of evil the biggest issue non-believers seem to have, and is there a more satisfying answer to be had?

Does Quantum Mechanics Indicate We Can’t Perceive True Evidence That God Exists?

20 min

Questions about whether quantum mechanics disproves an objective reality and indicates we can’t perceive true evidence that God exists, and whether an infinite, intelligent, loving designer would have designed logic to exclude the possibility of suffering.   I’ve been struggling with the idea that quantum mechanics disproves an objective reality. Does God exist, or is the evidence we perceive actually fake and we can’t make sense out of the physical world? If logic was created by an infinite, intelligent designer, and that designer is a loving God, wouldn’t he have designed logic to exclude the possibility of suffering without interfering with his goals?

If I’m Uncomfortable with People Seeing Me Pray, Does That Mean I’m Ashamed?

25 min

Questions about whether feeling uncomfortable when people see you pray means you’re ashamed, and advice for a single person who feels like church is pointless since it’s set up for couples and families.   I have no problem talking to people about Jesus and my faith, but I am very uncomfortable with people seeing me pray. Is that wrong, and does it mean I am ashamed? Church seems pointless to me since it’s all set up for couples and families and I don’t have any of that. Do you have any advice for me?

How Should We Balance Hating Evil with Loving Our Enemy?

24 min

Questions about how to balance hating evil and protecting the innocent with loving our enemy, and how we can be salt and light in the world while also resting in the fact that God is in control.   How should we balance hating evil and wanting to protect the innocent with loving our enemy? How can we be salt and light in the world but at the same time rest in the fact that God is in control—i.e., how much should we be involved in the world around us, and is self-care a sin?

Should People Have Fewer Babies Because of Overpopulation?

22 min

Questions about how Christians should regard the argument that the family structure should change and we should have fewer babies since the world is overpopulated, and whether charitable works like feeding the poor are acts of justice as well as love.   How should Christians regard the argument that the family structure should change and we should have fewer babies since the world is overpopulated? Are charitable works like feeding the poor and rescuing victims of abuse acts of justice as well as love?

Can We Ever Really Know What Scripture Says on Controversial Topics?

22 min

Questions about how to respond to a pro-LGBTQ pastor who says we can’t really know what Scripture says about homosexuality or other controversial topics since we’re not apostles or prophets, and how to understand and apply prophetic books of the Bible like Jeremiah and Ezekiel.   How can I respond to a pro-LGBTQ pastor who says we can’t really know what Scripture says about homosexuality or other controversial topics since we’re not apostles or prophets? How do I study the prophetic books of the Bible? I’m struggling to understand—let alone apply—books like Jeremiah and Ezekiel.

Is the Belief That We’re All Broken and Need a Savior a Sad Way to View Life?

20 min

Questions about how to respond to an unbeliever who says the belief that we’re all broken is a sad way to view life, how to reconcile Zechariah and Elizabeth being blameless with Jesus being the only sinless man, and whether the psalms about delighting in God’s Law are outdated and legalistic.   What’s the best way to respond to an unbeliever who says the belief that we’re all broken and need a Savior is a very sad way to view life? If Zechariah and Elizabeth were righteous and observed all the the Lord’s commands blamelessly (per Luke 1), how can we say Jesus was the only sinless man? Is all the talk in the Psalms about delighting in God’s Law and meditating on it and doing things to help you follow it better outdated and legalistic?

How Do You Know There Aren’t Three Distinct Divine Beings?

25 min

Questions about how we know that God is one being instead of three distinct divine beings in perfect unity, and why God would give notable miracles to Oneness Pentecostals if their theology is truly heretical.   I see real distinctions between the persons of the Trinity—Father, Son, and Spirit interacting, speaking, and acting in different roles—but what specifically makes God one being instead of three distinct divine beings in perfect unity? Why would God give such notable miracles to Oneness Pentecostals if their theology is heretical? I can’t help but wonder if they’re seeing this kind of power because they know who Jesus really is.

What Book Should I Give a Strong Pantheist?

28 min

Questions about suggestions for a book to give a strong pantheist who’s a fan of Neale Donald Walsch, and how karma is different from the parable of the sower in Matthew 13 or the teaching about reaping what you sow in Galatians 6.   My neighbor, who is a strong pantheist, gave me Conversations with God by Neale Donald Walsch. Do you have any suggestions for what I could give him in return? How is karma different from the parable of the sower in Matthew 13 or the teaching about reaping what you sow in Galatians 6?

How Would You Argue That the Unity of the Bible Is Evidence It’s from God?

23 min

Questions about how the unity of the Bible can be evidence it’s from God if the books could have been cherry-picked later, whether the fact that some passages in our Bibles aren’t canonical means every part of the Bible can be called into question, and why the Gospels don’t tell who wrote them.   How would you argue that the unity of the Bible is evidence it’s from God? Couldn’t a skeptic object that one could come up with any unified story given enough ancient sources and a good deal of cherry-picking? If certain passages in our Bibles are not true, canonical, or inspired, doesn’t that mean every part of the Bible can be called into question? When I’m asked why the Gospels don’t tell who wrote them, what is the best way to answer?

The Reason Why Science Can’t Explain the Supernatural Is That the Supernatural Doesn’t Happen

24 min

Questions about the claim that science explains things that happen and that’s why it can’t explain the supernatural, whether there will be morality in Heaven, and reconciling the idea that we all intuitively know morality with the argument that Christianity gave our culture its morality.   If science explains things that happen, then the reason it can’t explain the supernatural is that the supernatural doesn’t happen, for if the supernatural happened, then science would explain it. Will there be morality in Heaven? If there are no bad choices, would it only be free will and not morality? How do we reconcile the idea that morality is objective and we all just know it with the idea that Christianity gave us our Western moral values—i.e., if we all intuitively know morality, why do we argue Christianity gave it to our culture?

Are Other Religions Different Expressions of the Same God?

28 min

Questions about whether other religions are different expressions of the same God, and how to reconcile the idea that people who have never heard the gospel are guaranteed to go to Hell with the fact that God is a good judge who shows mercy on whom he chooses to show mercy.   Are other religions different expressions of the same God? If the Bible centers on one region, how did isolated people come to know him? Could their native religions have been another way God revealed himself? How do you reconcile the idea that people who have never heard the gospel are guaranteed to go to Hell (per Romans 10) with knowing God is a good judge who shows mercy on whom he chooses to show mercy?

Why Is It Okay for God to Keep a Record of Wrongs?

24 min

Questions about how to reconcile 1 Corinthians 13:5, which says that love doesn’t keep a record of wrongs, with God keeping a record of everything we have done and judging us by it, and how the idea that people are condemned for their sin, not for lack of belief in Jesus, squares with John 3:18.   How do we reconcile 1 Corinthians 13:5, which says that love doesn’t keep a record of wrongs, with Revelation 20, which says that God keeps a record of everything we have done and will judge us by it? How does your idea that people who haven’t heard of Jesus are condemned for their sin rather than for not believing in Jesus square with John 3:18, which says that anyone who does not believe in him is already condemned?

How Can God Lump Non-Criminals in with Murderers and Rapists?

26 min

Questions about what to say to someone who finds it hard to believe in a God that lumps non-criminals in with murderers and rapists when he sends them to Heaven or Hell, and whether all receive the same punishment in Hell.   What could you ask a non-believer who finds it hard to believe in a God that lumps non-criminals in with murderers and rapists when he sends them to Heaven or Hell? Do all receive the same punishment in Hell? Does Hitler receive the same eternal punishment as a Buddhist?

Why Did God Give Moses the Ten Commandments Instead of Sending Jesus?

20 min

Questions about why God gave Moses the Ten Commandments instead of sending Jesus, and what it means to call Jesus Christ the “Lamb of God.”   What are your thoughts on why God gave Moses the Ten Commandments instead of sending Jesus? What does it mean to call Jesus Christ the “Lamb of God”?

How Do You Deal with Someone Whose Mission Is to Tear Down Everyone Else’s Belief in Jesus?

23 min

Questions about how to deal with someone whose mission is to tear down everyone else’s beliefs about Jesus, how to help a child or teen who seems liable to turn away form God due to peer pressures, and how to reach a daughter who says she wouldn’t be a Christian even if it were true.   How do you deal with a Christian who has deconstructed and whose mission is to try to tear down everyone else’s beliefs about Jesus? What should parents do to help a child or teen who seems liable to turn away from God due to peer pressures? How can I reach my daughter, who professed to be saved as a child but now is out of church, in a relationship with a trans man, and says she would not be a Christian even if Christianity were true?

How Do We Know God Isn’t Lying About His Character?

28 min

Questions about how we know God is who he says he is and isn’t lying about his character, how to trust God when it seems like he’s working against us, and how to respond when it feels like God hates you.   How do we know God is who he says he is and isn’t lying about his character? How does a person trust God when it seems like he’s working against us? How should you respond when it feels like God hates you?

What Does It Mean to Be Holy?

27 min

Questions about what it means to be holy, how to fight your sins without slipping into a works-based mindset, and whether, as a Christian, it’s better to be humble, meek, and self-deprecating because none of us does good or bold and confident because we’ve been saved by the Creator.   What does it mean to be holy, and why is this important? How do I rest in Jesus’ completed work and still fight my sins without slipping into a works-based mindset? As a Christian, is it better to be humble, meek, and self-deprecating since none of us does good, or can we be bold and confident since we are saved by and loved by the Creator of the universe?

Does Genesis 1 Indicate That We Are Basically Good?

20 min

Questions about whether Genesis 1 indicates that humans are basically good and that we’ve emphasized sin too much, and how, if the heart is “desperately wicked,” anyone could believe in their heart that God raised Jesus from the dead and be saved.   Since, in Genesis 1, God made humans in his image and called us “very good,” does that mean humans are basically good and we’ve emphasized sin too much? If the heart is “desperately wicked,” why does God search the heart, and why does Romans 10:9 say, “Believe in your heart that God raised Jesus from the dead, and you will be saved”? How could a desperately wicked heart do this?

Can You Explain Verbal Plenary Inspiration When the New Testament Writers Quote the Septuagint?

27 min

Questions about inspiration when the New Testament writers quote the Septuagint rather than the original text, whether we could add books to the Bible if new letters from the apostles were found, and how to handle passages like John 7:53–8:11 that were added to the original biblical text.   Can you explain verbal plenary inspiration with regard to the New Testament writers quoting the Septuagint in places where it’s different from the original Hebrew text? Would it be inappropriate to add books to the Bible if new letters from the apostles were found? How should we handle passages like John 7:53–8:11 and Mark 16:9–20 that seem to have been added to the original biblical text?

How Are We Any Different from Christians Who Lived Near Concentration Camps and Failed to Resist Them?

20 min

Questions about whether Christians are complicit in abortion if they shop at companies whose health plans cover it, the claim that putting up Christmas decorations at work discriminates against other religious holidays, and an employer that won’t work around an employee’s religious obligations.   Many are appalled by Christians who lived near World War II concentration camps who failed to resist them or even profited from their evils, yet how are we any different if we invest in or use companies like Amazon that offer health care plans that cover abortion? What is a polite response to the claim that putting up Christmas decorations at work “discriminates” against other religious holidays? How do we navigate a hostile work culture that denies us the hours and funds we need simply because we have church obligations that limit our availability?

Where Did Jesus Go When He “Ascended into Heaven”?

25 min

Questions about where Jesus went when he “ascended into Heaven” in Acts 1, the idea that Jesus has already returned, whether we’ll see or hear from Jesus after we die, and whether Jesus would have ceased to exist at the cross if annihilation is the punishment required for our sins.   Where did Jesus go when he “ascended into Heaven” in Acts 1? What do you think about the idea that Jesus has already returned? If I won’t see or hear from Jesus while I’m alive, is it going to be like that after I die too? If annihilationism is true, then wouldn’t Jesus have ceased to exist at the cross since he was receiving God’s judgment for us?

What Do You Make of the Book of Mormon, and Why Do You Consider It “Another Gospel”?

29 min

Questions about what we make of the eyewitnesses to Joseph Smith’s golden plates, our thoughts on the Book of Mormon itself, and why we consider Latter-day Saint theology to be “another gospel.”   What do you make of the eyewitnesses to the golden plates, what do you make of the Book of Mormon itself, and why do you consider it “another gospel”?

How Would You Respond to the Claim That the Bible Is Full of Contradictions?

21 min

Questions about how to respond to the claim that the Bible is full of contradictions, and how to answer a Jewish person who knows and speaks Hebrew and says our Bibles weren’t translated properly and the New Testament is made up.   How would you respond to the claim that the Bible is full of contradictions? How would you answer a Jewish person who knows and speaks Hebrew and says our Bibles weren’t translated properly and the New Testament is made up?

Is “Satan” Merely the Propensity of Humankind to Commit Evil Acts?

27 min

Questions about the idea that “Satan” is merely the propensity of humankind to commit evil acts, why Satan and the demons would want to keep storing up wrath for themselves if they know they’ll be defeated, and whether a “spirit of divorce” can be carried from generation to generation.   What would you say to someone who believes that Satan is not a being but rather the propensity of humankind to commit evil acts? If Satan and the demons know they’ll ultimately be defeated and tormented, why would they want to keep storing up wrath for themselves? I’ve heard Christians talk about a “spirit of divorce," but is that biblical, could it be carried from generation to generation, and does Exodus 20:5 support that view?

How Right Do I Need to Be About Theology to Enter the Kingdom?

20 min

Questions about how right a person’s theology needs to be to enter the kingdom, whether it’s okay to baptize a cognitively challenged person who isn’t able to explain salvific concepts, and whether an intellectually disabled person can be saved if they can’t understand the theology of salvation.   Considering there are a lot of Christians who say they’re right that don’t agree with each other, how “right” do I need to be to enter the kingdom? Is it okay to baptize a young man who really wants to be baptized but who has cognitive challenges and isn’t able to explain salvific concepts like God’s grace or why Jesus needed to die on the cross? Can my intellectually disabled daughter be saved if she can’t understand the concepts involved with Jesus personally dying for her sins?

Should Confidence in a Belief Be Informed by How Long the Belief Has Been Held?

25 min

Questions about whether confidence in a belief should be informed by how long the belief has been held or by how many have held it, and whether it’s irrational and illogical to believe in God and one has to go against reason to believe in him.   Should confidence in a belief be informed by how long the belief has been held or by how many have held it? Is it irrational and illogical to believe in God, and does one have to go against reason to believe in him?

How Do You Tell the Difference Between Someone Who Is Righteously Offended by Homosexuality and a Bully?

22 min

Questions about how to tell the difference between someone who is righteously offended by homosexuality and a bully, and how to challenge cultural Christians to think more deeply about the Christian worldview when they complain about men wearing women’s dresses in public.   How do you tell the difference between someone who is righteously offended by homosexuality and a bully? How can I challenge my cultural-Christian friends to think more deeply about the Christian worldview when they complain about people dressing in bizarre ways in public (like men in women’s dresses)?

What Would You Do If Your Child Came Home and Told You They Were Gay?

26 min

Questions about what to do if your child came home and told you they were gay, and whether it’s strategically wiser to set emotionally charged sexual ethics aside at first and begin with other sins when evangelizing.   What would you do if your child came home and told you they were gay? Given how emotionally charged sexual sin is today, is it strategically wiser to set sexual ethics aside at first and begin with less identity-loaded sins (lying, theft, etc.) to establish repentance and regeneration—letting sexual ethics follow as a result of new birth?

If the Idea of Intrinsic Human Value Came from Christianity, Then What Happened with Germany in World War II?

23 min

Questions about what happened with Germany in World War II if the idea of intrinsic human value came from the Christian worldview, and how to explain the fact that Christians on both sides of World War II slaughtered each other while claiming to fight in the name of God.   If the idea of intrinsic human value came from the Christian worldview, then what happened with Germany in World War II? How do you explain the reality that World War II saw roughly 40 million Christians slaughtering other Christians—both sides claiming to fight in the name of God?

What Are the Benefits of Not Expecting to Hear Special Messages from God?

22 min

Questions about the benefits of holding Greg’s view on not expecting to hear special messages from God, and how the ideas of God putting something on someone’s heart and prompting someone to pray a certain thing fit with Greg’s theology.   What are the positive benefits of holding Greg’s view on not expecting to hear the voice of God and using more appropriate language for describing how the Holy Spirit interacts with us? In light of your view on hearing the voice of God, what did Greg mean when he talked about God putting something on someone’s heart, and what did Amy mean when she said God might prompt someone to pray a certain thing? How do these ideas fit with your theology?

Why Does Jesus Compare Himself to Those Who Are Merely Called Gods?

21 min

Questions about what Jesus meant in the passage where he says, ”It is written that you are called gods” (John 10:34–36), and why he would compare himself to those who are merely called gods.   Can you give a more detailed explanation of the passage where Jesus says, “It is written that you are called gods” (John 10:34–36)? It seems like he’s downplaying the fact that he’s God by comparing himself to those who are merely called gods.

Where Does Scripture Teach Unambiguously That Jesus Is God?

25 min

Question about where Scripture teaches unambiguously that Jesus is God.   Where does Scripture teach unambiguously that Jesus is God? Jesus also said he wasn’t God when being called a blasphemer, so when you say “unambiguously,” what do you actually mean?

How Does the New Earth Tie in with Going to Heaven After We Die?

25 min

Questions about how the new earth ties in with the the teaching that we go to Heaven after we die, whether the Isaiah 65:17–25 passage about the new earth is metaphor, whether people in Heaven are aware of things happening on earth, and the prohibition against communicating with the dead.   How does the new earth and the new Jerusalem mentioned in Revelation tie in with the teaching that we go to Heaven after we die, how can we be taken directly into God’s presence if we’re not as worthy as Elijah and Enoch, and are we misleading people about the afterlife because of unbiblical assumptions? Is the Isaiah 65:17–25 passage about the new earth metaphor, especially the part about having babies? Are people in Heaven and Hell aware of things happening on earth? Is the prohibition against communicating with the dead merely against our trying to get them to respond, or should we not talk to them at all, even if we’re not expecting a response?

Someone Who Died Saving the Life of Another Shouldn’t Be Punished with Hell

24 min

Questions about responding to the claim that someone who died saving the life of another shouldn’t be punished with Hell, and answering someone who says they don’t need a relationship with God and that if there’s a just God, then we should all be judged according to our deeds.   How would you respond to the claim that someone who died saving the life of another shouldn’t be punished with Hell? What would you say to someone who says they don’t need a relationship with God and that if there’s a just God, then we should all be judged according to our deeds?

How Is God’s Divine Prerogative in Romans 9 Different from the Capriciousness of Allah?

28 min

Questions about how God’s divine prerogative in Romans 9 differs from the capriciousness of Allah, why we should bother with evangelism if God draws those whom he draws and no one has a choice, and the role of faith in the elect in Reformed theology if God guaranteed their salvation.   How is God’s divine prerogative shown in Romans 9 different from the capriciousness of Allah? If God already knows who goes to Heaven, and he draws those whom he draws, then why bother with evangelism since it isn’t like someone can have the choice to choose God? In Reformed theology, what’s the role of faith in the elect if God guaranteed their salvation?

Would a Human Clone Have a Soul?

27 min

Questions about whether or not a human clone would have a soul, when each identical twin receives a soul, whether anencephalic babies have a soul, and whether the fact that scientists can use AI to decode people’s thoughts by analyzing their brain activity disproves the soul.   Would a human clone have a soul? When identical twins form from a single-cell fertilized egg, when does each receive a soul? Do anencephalic babies have a soul? Does the fact that scientists have been able to decode people’s thoughts by using AI to analyze their brain activity disprove the idea that the soul is real and that consciousness is an immaterial, private experience?

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